Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Variables | New-onset type 2 diabetes | Control subjects | P value | Type 2 diabetes onset age (years) | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <45 | 45–54 | 55–64 | ≥65 | |||||
| Participants, n | 10,777 | 10,777 | 1,530 | 3,497 | 3,840 | 1,910 | — | |
| Age, years | 55.8 ± 10.9 | 55.8 ± 10.9 | — | 38.2 ± 6.4 | 50.6 ± 2.8 | 59.6 ± 2.8 | 71.6 ± 5.2 | <0.01 |
| Male sex | 83.1 | 83.1 | — | 90.1 | 83.4 | 79.8 | 83.4 | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | <0.01 | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 26.2 ± 3.3 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.43 ± 0.54 | 1.46 ± 0.46 | <0.01 | 1.42 ± 0.60 | 1.46 ± 0.56 | 1.41 ± 0.50 | 1.40 ± 0.49 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | <0.01 | 2.75 ± 0.97 | 2.77 ± 0.91 | 2.91 ± 0.96 | 2.90 ± 0.89 | <0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.1 ± 23.6 | 88.3 ± 20.6 | <0.01 | 101.0 ± 28.5 | 91.8 ± 22.1 | 87.7 ± 20.8 | 77.6 ± 21.6 | <0.01 |
| Obesity | 26.7 | 14.3 | <0.01 | 34.8 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 24.3 | <0.01 |
| Ever-smoker | 40.9 | 40.8 | 0.82 | 54.0 | 51.3 | 34.9 | 23.9 | <0.01 |
| Ever-drinker | 42.4 | 43.1 | 0.34 | 55.8 | 51.6 | 36.0 | 27.9 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 62.9 | 45.3 | <0.01 | 45.2 | 57.8 | 68.5 | 75.2 | <0.01 |
| Physical exercise | 18.2 | 20.0 | <0.01 | 9.4 | 12.1 | 21.8 | 29.3 | <0.01 |
| Family history of diabetes | 4.1 | 2.4 | <0.01 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 1.2 | <0.01 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentages. Characteristics were assessed in the examination cycle when new-onset diabetes was first identified.