Table 3.

Case reports communicating clinical features and management of patients with ReA during COVID-19 admission

Author	[62]	[63]	[64]	[65]	[66]	[67]	[68]	[69]
Age/gender	50s/male	37/female	57/male	47/male	30/male	65/female	34/male	39/female
Time from COVID-19 symptom onset to arthritis	21 days	12 days	15 days	No COVID-19 symptoms, 4 days after exposure to coronavirus disease COVID-19 cases	14 days	10 days after cessation of all COVID-19-related symptoms	16 days	3 weeks
Involved joints	Bilateral arthritis in his ankles, mild enthesitis in right Achilles tendon.	Pain and swelling in the right hand. MRI showed tendonitis of multiple extensor tendons	Left wrist, the right shoulder and the bilateral knees	Right knee pain and swelling, and pain at his glans penis.	Right elbow, psoriatic lesions on the extensor surface of both elbows and groin suggestive	Symmetric polyarthritis of ankles, wrists and knee joints; palpable purpura of both calves	Swelling, severe pain and tenderness in his right knee	Tenderness in the PIP joint of the second and third fingers and the DIP joint of the fifth finger of the right hand. Tenderness in the second PIP joint and tenderness, swelling, and decreased range of motion in the DIP joint of the left-hand fifth finger.
HLA-B27	Negative	ND	ND	ND	Negative	Positive	ND	ND
SF characteristics	Mild inflammatory fluid without monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals	ND	No crystals	120 mL of turbid yellow fluid, for which no crystals were seen.	ND	ND	ND	ND
Synovial fluid RT-PCR for SARS-COVID-19	ND	ND	Negative	Synovial fluid PCR negative, viral cultures for SARS-COVID-19 negative	ND	ND	ND	ND
Arthritis management	NSAIDs and intra-articular corticosteroid injection	Voltaren gel, neurontin, and oral dilaudid as needed.	No treatment	Etoricoxib, intra-articular triamcinolone into the knee joint 1 week later when the effusion recurred.	NSAIDs for arthritis and topical steroids for skin lesions	Prednisolone	NSAID and intra articular steroid	celecoxib for two weeks
Outcome	Treatment of moderate improvement. No further follow-up	4 weeks follow-up. Pain and tenderness to the hand and wrist had improved, however, she still complained of tenderness to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and hand, especially to the finger joints	The arthritis resolved spontaneously on day 27	No information	Remission after six weeks	All clinical symptoms and CRP levels immediately regressed after initiating prednisolone	Symptoms of arthritis resolved completely within next 10 days.	pain and swelling disappeared after several days

CRP, c-reactive protein; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ND, not done; PMN, polymorphonuclear; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; SARS-COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 19; DIP, distal interphalangeal joint; PIP, proximal interphalangeal joint