Summary of findings 6. NIBS compared to any control for spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury.
| NIBS compared to any control for spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury | ||||
| Patient or population: spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury Setting: inpatient or community rehabilitation Intervention: NIBS Comparison: any control | ||||
| Outcomes | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments |
| Primary outcome | ||||
| Activities of daily living: effects persisting at least 1 month post intervention | SMD 0.35 higher (‐0.08 lower to 0.77 higher) | 92 (3 RCTs) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b,c | No evidence of benefit or detriment from intervention |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Activities of daily living: immediate effects | SMD 0.61 higher (0.27 higher to 0.94 higher) | 160 (6 RCTs) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b,c,d | Evidence suggests possible benefit from intervention |
| Neglect outcomes: effects persisting at least 1 month post intervention | SMD 0.77 (0.29 higher to 1.24 higher) | 102 (3 RCTs) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b,c,d | Evidence suggests possible benefit from intervention |
| Neglect outcomes: immediate effects | SMD 0.75 higher (0.47 higher to 1.04 higher) | 244 (10 RCTs) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b,c,d | Evidence suggests possible benefit from intervention |
| Adverse events | ‐ | 24 (1 RCT) | ‐ | All adverse events reported deemed to be unrelated to intervention |
| CI: Confidence interval | ||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||
aOverall, studies contributing to this analysis had limitations regarding risk of bias sufficient to lower certainty regarding the estimate of effect and were downgraded once.
bDowngraded twice for serious imprecision (very small numbers of participants).
cDowngraded once for indirectness. Studies included only participants with recent‐onset stroke.
dDowngraded once for indirectness. Studies used different interventions or measured outcomes using different scales.