Katz 2005.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | Parallel control trial Setting: rehabilitation hospital, Israel. | |
Participants | 19 patients with first right hemispheric stroke and persistent USN VR group = 11, control group = 8 Mean age, years: VR group = 62, control = 63 Sex (men/women): VR = 7/4, control = 5/3 Hemisphere: right Mean days between stroke and treatment: VR = 48, control = 36 | |
Interventions | A street crossing virtual environment was programmed via Superscape’s 3D Webmaster and run on a desktop computer, with successively graded levels of difficulty that provide users with an opportunity to decide when it is safe to cross a virtual street. The level of difficulty was graded by the number and velocity of cars that approach the pedestrian cross‐walk, as well as the side (right or left) from which they approach, thus increasing attentional demands on the user. In addition other destructors were included such as commercial signs, blinking lights, etc. Virtual reality training protocol continued for 4 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, each of 45 minutes' duration, for a total of 9 hours. Timing of the control group computer scanning training protocol was identical. ?? Is this a control group or another active intervention? |
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Outcomes |
All taken immediately post intervention with no longer‐term follow‐up |
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Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | First 8 participants were randomly assigned to either VR training group (experimental) or computer visual scanning tasks group (control); remaining 3 participants were assigned to VR group to increase the number of participants who experienced the experimental condition |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | See above |
Blinding of participants | High risk | No information about blinding provided |
Blinding of personnel | High risk | No information about blinding provided |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | No information about blinding provided |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Other bias | High risk | Multiple outcomes, none primary; no multiple testing adjustment. 1‐tailed test not justified |