Table 6.
Oxidative, nutritional and energy‐related parameters of animal fats obtained from commercial animal nutrition sources
| Fish oil | Lard | Tallow | Poultry fat | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Average | σ | Minimum | Maximum | Average | σ | Minimum | Maximum | Average | σ | Minimum | Maximum | Average | σ | ||
| n | 26 | 158 | 27 | 113 | |||||||||||||
| Oxidative parameters | |||||||||||||||||
| PV (meq kg−1) | 1.00 | 13.48 | 6.39 | 3.26 | 1.00 | 13.27 | 4.63 | 2.98 | 1.00 | 13.27 | 5.46 | 3.33 | 0.39 | 5.66 | 2.16 | 1.05 | |
| TBA (ppm) | 0.10 | 12.60 | 3.50 | 3.35 | 0.10 | 1.74 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 1.50 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 1.93 | 0.50 | 0.41 | |
| OSI 100°C (h) | 0.35 | 45.85 | 12.98 | 13.83 | 0.00 | 39.60 | 8.44 | 10.08 | 0.00 | 42.05 | 9.79 | 11.76 | 0.00 | 59.50 | 13.63 | 15.65 | |
| Nutritional parameters | |||||||||||||||||
| FFA (% oleic acid) | 0.01 | 9.13 | 4.83 | 2.36 | 0.03 | 22.75 | 8.74 | 6.57 | 0.38 | 16.07 | 6.57 | 4.63 | 0.72 | 23.29 | 9.37 | 4.26 | |
| MUFA | 17.40 | 58.96 | 38.33 | 9.87 | 38.51 | 51.56 | 44.93 | 2.77 | 31.35 | 51.36 | 42.35 | 4.77 | 38.50 | 49.71 | 43.96 | 2.15 | |
| PUFA | 15.85 | 33.30 | 23.72 | 3.97 | 6.43 | 16.52 | 9.59 | 2.42 | 0.99 | 6.54 | 4.14 | 1.81 | 17.60 | 34.17 | 23.22 | 3.85 | |
| Fatty acid profile | |||||||||||||||||
| C14:0 | 3.02 | 14.27 | 7.37 | 3.08 | 0.47 | 2.69 | 1.60 | 0.38 | 1.43 | 3.41 | 2.34 | 0.54 | 0.32 | 1.65 | 0.85 | 0.32 | |
| C16:0 | 11.99 | 31.31 | 23.53 | 5.72 | 23.52 | 31.55 | 27.16 | 1.55 | 25.99 | 32.26 | 28.51 | 1.70 | 20.36 | 27.43 | 23.90 | 1.36 | |
| C16:1 | 3.54 | 12.60 | 7.59 | 2.87 | 1.50 | 5.36 | 2.78 | 0.70 | 1.25 | 3.54 | 2.54 | 0.51 | 2.66 | 5.58 | 4.04 | 0.51 | |
| C18:0 | 2.58 | 7.59 | 5.04 | 1.38 | 7.01 | 23.03 | 15.86 | 3.15 | 10.78 | 32.08 | 21.32 | 4.38 | 4.94 | 10.28 | 7.65 | 1.37 | |
| C18:1 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.39 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 2.71 | 0.89 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 0.13 | |
| C18:2 | 0.59 | 51.24 | 26.81 | 11.28 | 34.90 | 46.88 | 40.48 | 2.37 | 29.32 | 47.73 | 38.94 | 3.68 | 34.87 | 44.81 | 39.23 | 1.93 | |
| C18:3 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.39 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 2.71 | 0.89 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 0.13 | |
| U:S ratio | 0.98 | 3.28 | 1.66 | 0.53 | 0.83 | 1.84 | 1.25 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 1.13 | 0.86 | 0.21 | 1.54 | 2.77 | 2.05 | 0.27 | |
| Energy diluting factors | |||||||||||||||||
| Moisture (%) | 0.05 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.24 | 0.14 | |
| Impurities (%) | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |
| Unsaponifiables (%) | 0.49 | 1.76 | 1.05 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 8.30 | 2.00 | 1.78 | 0.20 | 2.90 | 1.04 | 0.80 | 0.06 | 4.50 | 2.38 | 0.94 | |
| Total MIU (%) | 0.63 | 2.57 | 1.38 | 0.52 | 0.03 | 10.06 | 2.63 | 2.25 | 0.27 | 4.95 | 1.81 | 1.46 | 0.29 | 5.18 | 2.81 | 0.99 | |
| Energy value (kcal.kg −1 ) | |||||||||||||||||
| AME young poultry | 6956.39 | 8716.99 | 7670.34 | 476.60 | 6206.57 | 7634.80 | 6987.58 | 271.94 | 6315.56 | 7111.06 | 6684.04 | 190.94 | 6970.98 | 8192.45 | 7634.48 | 228.70 | |
| AME old poultry | 7970.98 | 8828.17 | 8332.12 | 242.29 | 7540.90 | 8335.43 | 7978.90 | 152.12 | 7636.33 | 8030.96 | 7828.25 | 102.40 | 7912.39 | 8647.07 | 8314.79 | 134.62 | |
| DE young pigs | 7910.84 | 8850.39 | 8293.55 | 253.74 | 7500.69 | 8276.87 | 7926.56 | 147.76 | 7565.74 | 7991.53 | 7763.81 | 103.17 | 7910.92 | 8573.84 | 8272.92 | 123.69 | |
| DE old pigs | 8139.44 | 8766.12 | 8444.00 | 164.66 | 7715.67 | 8467.11 | 8149.01 | 142.57 | 7749.33 | 8209.72 | 7982.58 | 111.89 | 8117.16 | 8655.23 | 8434.13 | 98.91 | |
| Energy value including MIU (kcal.kg −1 ) | |||||||||||||||||
| AME young poultry | 6837.71 | 8400.99 | 7520.43 | 423.21 | 5721.21 | 7624.26 | 6802.87 | 347.43 | 5785.08 | 7011.15 | 6480.00 | 275.62 | 6727.97 | 8016.22 | 7410.46 | 272.01 | |
| AME old poultry | 7835.00 | 8738.13 | 8214.33 | 235.11 | 6914.63 | 8323.93 | 7771.92 | 275.02 | 7170.50 | 7987.12 | 7642.50 | 192.16 | 7518.97 | 8528.13 | 8070.50 | 195.91 | |
| DE young pigs | 7775.88 | 8638.44 | 8154.35 | 224.43 | 6869.15 | 8265.45 | 7720.36 | 264.39 | 7100.83 | 7911.53 | 7567.11 | 193.94 | 7521.16 | 8460.81 | 8029.77 | 184.23 | |
| DE old pigs | 0.63 | 2.57 | 1.38 | 0.52 | 0.03 | 10.06 | 2.63 | 2.25 | 0.27 | 4.95 | 1.81 | 1.46 | 0.29 | 5.18 | 2.81 | 0.99 | |
TBA, 2‐thiobarbituric acid; PV, peroxide value; OSI, Oxidative Stability Index; FFA, free fatty acid; MIU, moisture, impurities and unsaponifiables; U;S, unsaturated/saturated ratio; MUFA, mono‐unsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, poly‐unsaturated fatty acid; AME, apparent metabolizable energy; DE, digestible energy.