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. 2021 Feb 1;9(3):944–955. doi: 10.1111/andr.12965

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© 2021 The Authors. Andrology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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HBs‐induced apoptotic events resulting in sperm dysfunction. (A) Effect of HBs exposure on Bcl2, Bax, and Apaf‐1 activation in sperm cells. (B) Effect of HBs exposure on the translocation of AIF from mitochondria to nuclei in sperm cells. (C) Effect of HBs exposure on the translocation of Endo G from mitochondria to nuclei in sperm cells. (D) Effect of HBs on the sperm chromatin structure. (E) Effect of HBs on sperm viability. (F) Effect of HBs on the sperm fertilizing capacity. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.