Figure 3.

Upper images: a microscopic view of a sealed Glissonean pedicle (GP) by AS (A) and AT (B); Lower images: sealed EBD using AS (C) and AT (D). The GP stumps in both groups were fused; their structures were histologically indistinct (H&E stain, x40). The vicinity of the GP was covered by a layer of deformed hepatocytes, which lost their normal texture [star mark, (A,B)]. Vacuolization caused by microwave energy existed along the GP's interstitial zones [black arrow, (A,B)]. Vacuole-like spaces also appeared in the EBD stumps [black arrow, (C,D), x40] whose sealed edges revealed a deformed segment that fitted the serrated-jaws of the tweezers-type device [dashed lines, (B,D)]. AS, Acrosurg Scissors; AT, Acrosurg Tweezers; EBD, Extrahepatic bile duct; H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin.