TABLE 3.

A summary of the recommendations for the use of objective tools for sinonasal disorders in research and routine clinical practice

Objective outcome measures	Research	Routine clinical practice
Nasal obstruction tools
PNIF	Highly recommend, with a validated PROM	Highly recommend, with a validated PROM
Rhinomanometry	Recommend with cautions, with a validated PROM	Not recommended
Acoustic rhinometry	Recommend with cautions, with a validated PROM	Not recommended
Other tools	Inconclusive	Inconclusive
CRS clinical staging tools
CT staging score LMS	Not recommended	Not recommended
Nasal endoscopic score LKS	Highly recommend, with a validated PROM	Encouraged, with a validated PROM, but depending on surgeon's reference
Olfactory dysfunction tools
Sniffin’ Sticks test	Highly recommend, with a validated PROM	Recommended, with a validated PROM for all patients reporting olfactory dysfunction at baseline assessments Recommended, with a validated PROM for further follow‐ups depending on other factors
UPSIT	Recommend a second choice after the Sniffin’ Sticks test, with a validated PROM (Consider other factors including costs, settings, patients etc.)	Recommend as a quick smell test, with a validated PROM in private settings Recommended as a second choice after the Sniffin’ Sticks test in public healthcare settings and if full olfactory assessment required
Other tools	Inconclusive	Inconclusive
Rhinorrhea/MCC dysfunction tools
Rhinoscintigraphy	Inconclusive	Inconclusive

CRS = chronic rhinosinusitis; CT = computed tomography; LKS = Lund‐Kennedy score; MCC = mucociliary clearance; PNIF = peak nasal inspiratory flow; PROM = patient‐reported outcome measure; UPSIT = University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.