Table 3.

Effects of FR on milk yield and concentrations of major milk constituent in lactating dairy cows, variations are expressed as a percentage of the control value

Restriction type	DMI1	Duration, d	Day in milk	Milk yield	Fat content	Protein content	Lactose content	Animal number	Reference
Qualitative	−58%	5	329 ± 12	−54%	− 2	−	−	21	Ollier et al. (2015)
Qualitative	−56%	4	25 ± 5	−39%	+54%	ns3	−7%	17	Pires et al. (2019)
Qualitative	−55%	21	98 ± 7	−10%	ns	−6%	ns	50	Gross et al. (2011a)
Qualitative	−44%	4	Multiple	−35%	+42%	−9%	−5%	47	Bjerre-Harpøth et al. (2012)*
Qualitative	−26%	182	11 ± 5	−28%	+12%	−5%	−3%	24	Friggens et al. (1998)
Qualitative	−16%	320	−17	−18%	−1%	−4%	−	352	Delaby et al. (2009)
Qualitative	−	112	1	−22%	+50%	−	−2%	20	Nørgaard et al. (2005)
Qualitative	−	77	−14	−38%	ns	−10%	−4%	16	Dessauge et al. (2011)
Qualitative	ns	56	1	−18%	+17%	−6%	−2%	40	Andersen et al. (2003; 2004)
Qualitative	−	14	−	−18%	ns	−8%	−	770	Burke et al. (2010)
Quantitative	−100%	6	30	−71%	+114%	−	−12%	10	Reid et al. (1977)
Quantitative	−100%	2	69 ± 9	−51%	+129%	ns	−15%	12	Agenäs et al. (2003)*
Quantitative	−100%	2	55 ± 8	−56%	+81%	ns	−18%	11	Chelikani et al. (2004)
Quantitative	−100%	2	175 ± 3	−66%	+82%	+24%	−	4	McGuire et al. (1995)
Quantitative	−100%	1	45 ± 2	−44%	ns	ns	−8%	3	Toerien andand Cant 2007)*
Quantitative	−83%	5	157 ± 9	−55%	+38%	−9%	−13%	5	Kvidera et al. (2017)
Quantitative	−60%	5	157 ± 9	−33%	13%	−9%	ns	5	Kvidera et al. (2017)
Quantitative	−41%	5	157 ± 9	−27%	ns	ns	ns	5	Kvidera et al. (2017)
Quantitative	−22%	5	157 ± 9	ns	ns	ns	ns	5	Kvidera et al. (2017)
Quantitative	−64%	7	77 ± 12	−19%	ns	−17%	−20%	10	Moyes et al. (2009)
Quantitative	−64%	5	165 ± 21	−34%	+14%	ns	ns	10	Billa et al. (2020)*
Quantitative	−50%	30	Multiple	−41%	ns	−3%	ns	50	Gabbi et al. (2016)
Quantitative	−50%	26	228 ± 18	−36%	+9%	+8%	−2%	24	Lacy-Hulbert et al. (1999)
Quantitative	−50%	5	Multiple	−19%	ns	−7%	−4%	8	Carlson et al. (2006)
Quantitative	−47%	4	223 ± 103	−27%	ns	ns	−2%	13	Contreras et al. (2016)
Quantitative	−47%	4	204 ± 29	−23%	−	−	−	8	Ferraretto et al. (2014)
Quantitative	−43%	5	156 ± 6	−22%	ns	ns	−5%	16	Velez andandand Donkin 2005)
Quantitative	−43%	4	91 ± 5	−14%	−	−	−	7	Laeger et al. (2012)
Quantitative	−40%	21	34 ± 6	−28%	+14%	−10%	ns	120	Kay et al. (2013)
Quantitative	−39%	4	84 ± 17	−21%	ns	ns	−2%	10	Abdelatty et al. (2017)
Quantitative	−38%	63	70 ± 7	−18%	ns	ns	−	8	Vicini et al. (1988)
Quantitative	−37%	29	14	−7%	ns	ns	−	16	Drackley et al. (1991)
Quantitative	−35%	14	1	ns	−	−	−	11	Radcliff et al. (2006)
Quantitative	−34%	3	35 ± 8	−13%	+11%	ns	ns	8	Nielsen et al. (2003)
Quantitative	−31%	29	14	−20%	+21%	ns	−	13	Drackley et al. (1992)
Quantitative	−30%	30	14	−34%	−	−	−	18	Veenhuizen et al. (1991)
Quantitative	−28%	20	159 ± 40	−17%	+18%	−6%	−	24	Lapierre et al. (1995)
Quantitative	−25%	21	162 ± 20	−14%	ns	−8%	ns	5	Guinard-Flament et al. (2007)
Quantitative	−24%	8	96	−12%	−	−	−	6	McGuire et al. (1989)
Quantitative	−24%	6	132 ± 8	ns	ns	ns	−2%	12	Capuco et al. (2001)
Quantitative	−13%	21	88 ± 17	−12%	ns	−4%	ns	16	Vanbergue et al. (2018)
Quantitative	−21%	21	88 ± 17	−12%	ns	−4%	ns	16	Vanbergue et al. (2018)
Quantitative	−20%	29	77 ± 5	−9%	+6%	−5%	−2%	19	Herve et al. (2019)

¹DMI, dry matter intake.

²—, no data available.

³ns, not-significant (P-value > 0.05).

*No control group available in these studies, percentages are calculated relatively to the pre-experimental values.