Table 5.
Frequencies of specific symptoms in people with hyponatremia vs normal sodium levels, stratified for CBZ and OXC use
| Symptoms, N (%) | CBZ | OXC | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hypo Na (276) |
Normal (248) | P‐value | Hypo Na (125) | Normal (52) | P‐value | |||||
| Behavioral disturbance | 3 | (1,1) | 1 | (0,4) | .37 | 5 | (4) | 1 | (1,9) | .49 |
| Cognitive slowing | 23 | (8,3) | 0 | <.001 | 11 | (8,8) | 0 | .03 | ||
| Concentration problems | 7 | (2,5) | 4 | (1,6) | .46 | 23 | (18,4) | 0 | .001 | |
| Confusion | 8 | (2,9) | 1 | (0,4) | .03 | 11 | (8,8) | 1 | (1,9) | .10 |
| Diplopia | 34 | (12,3) | 9 | (3,6) | <.001 | 27 | (21,6) | 2 | (3,8) | .004 |
| Dizziness | 70 | (25,4) | 15 | (6,0) | <.001 | 42 | (33,6) | 4 | (7,7) | <.001 |
| Falls | 20 | (7,2) | 0 | <.001 | 9 | (7,2) | 1 | (1,9) | .17 | |
| Gait disturbance | 12 | (4,3) | 2 | (0,8) | .01 | 6 | (4,8) | 0 | .11 | |
| Headache | 20 | (7,2) | 8 | (3,2) | .04 | 16 | (12,8) | 1 | (1,9) | .03 |
| Increased seizure frequency | 13 | (4,7) | 0 | .001 | 25 | (20,0) | 0 | .001 | ||
| Instability | 43 | (15,6) | 5 | (2) | <.001 | 34 | (27,2) | 3 | (5,8) | .001 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 20 | (7,2) | 1 | (0,4) | <.001 | 19 | (15,2) | 0 | .003 | |
| Personality change | 3 | (1,1) | 0 | .10 | 2 | (1,6) | 0 | .36 | ||
| Somnolence | 29 | (10,5) | 4 | (1,6) | <.001 | 20 | (16,0) | 2 | (3,8) | .03 |
| Tiredness | 40 | (14,5) | 18 | (7,3) | .008 | 50 | (40,0) | 2 | (3,8) | <.001 |
| Other symptoms | 22 | (8,0) | 15 | (6,0) | .39 | 33 | (26,4) | 3 | (5,8) | .002 |
Bonferroni correction for multiple testing; P significant at .003125 (0,05/16), significant P‐values are marked bold. Other symptoms were: allergy, hair loss, memory problems, mood disorders, skin problems, tremor, and nonspecific complaints.
Abbreviations: CBZ, carbamazepine; Hypo Na, hyponatremia; OXC, oxcarbazepine.