TABLE 2.

Fatty acid compositional profiles of total lipids from frontal cortex area 8 in controls, sALS, sFTLD‐TDP and c9FTLD cases assessed with gas chromatography

	Control	sALS	sFTLD‐TDP	c9FTLD	p
Fatty acids
14:0	1.44 ± 0.09	1.47 ± 0.17	1.51 ± 0.08	1.54 ± 0.12	0.716
16:0	24.73 ± 1.13	24.34 ± 2.06	24.91 ± 1.55	24.04 ± 1.51	0.946
16:1n7	1.61 ± 0.15	1.87 ± 0.39	1.92 ± 0.22	2.02 ± 0.23	0.643
18:0	24.8 ± 0.53	28.28 ± 2.62	24.3 ± 0.54	23.52 ± 0.55	0.05
18:1n9	21.77 ± 1.41	19.8 ± 3.05	23.07 ± 1.84	23.89 ± 2	0.586
18:1n7	4.58 ± 0.21	3.63 ± 0.63	4.94 ± 0.19	4.72 ± 0.19	0.105
18:2n6	0.77 ± 0.12	0.7 ± 0.13	0.61 ± 0.05	0.59 ± 0.02	0.475
18:3n3	0.07 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.962
18:4n3	0.94 ± 0.06	1.18 ± 0.25	1.06 ± 0.09	0.88 ± 0.08	0.512
20:0	0.24 ± 0.00	0.3 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0	0.24 ± 0.01	0.073
20:1n9	1.32 ± 0.17	1.93 ± 0.66	1.41 ± 0.25	1.35 ± 0.23	0.993
20:2n6	0.45 ± 0.04	0.54 ± 0.19	0.46 ± 0.08	0.42 ± 0.06	0.954
20:3n3	0.69 ± 0.03	0.67 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.08	0.282
20:4n6	4.89 ± 0.21	5.02 ± 0.51	4.71 ± 0.32	4.49 ± 0.33	0.764
20:3n6	0.27 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.04	0.161
22:0	0.03 ± 0.001	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.001	0.03 ± 0.001	0.113
20:5n3	0.61 ± 0.13	0.59 ± 0.1	0.51 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.03	0.278
22:1	0.06 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.964
22:4n6	2.83 ± 0.19	2.58 ± 0.21	2.53 ± 0.16	2.32 ± 0.06	0.225
22:5n6	0.52 ± 0.06	0.39 ± 0.06	0.49 ± 0.09	0.40 ± 0.08	0.578
22:5n3	0.11 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.02	0.99
24:0	0.48 ± 0.07	0.51 ± 0.1	0.42 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.08	0.985
22:6n3	4.17 ± 0.47	3.22 ± 0.64	3.6 ± 0.46	3.33 ± 0.52	0.704
24:1n7	1.1 ± 0.22	1.41 ± 0.5	1.18 ± 0.25	1.29 ± 0.3	0.992
24:5n3	1.3 ± 0.22	0.82 ± 0.16	0.81 ± 0.13	2.74 ± 1.4	0.329
24:6n3	0.21 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.08	0.25 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.05	0.978
Fatty acid indexes
SFA	51.71 ± 1.48	54.92 ± 2.96	51.44 ± 1.95	49.85 ± 1.89	0.533
UFA	48.29 ± 1.48	45.08 ± 2.96	48.56 ± 1.95	50.15 ± 1.89	0.513
PUFA	17.83 ± 0.65	16.36 ± 1.25	15.97 ± 0.79	16.81 ± 1.66	0.892
MUFA	30.46 ± 2.03	28.72 ± 3.71	32.59 ± 2.72	33.34 ± 2.88	0.441
PUFAn3	8.1 ± 0.54	6.97 ± 0.94	7.01 ± 0.64	8.43 ± 1.55	0.092
PUFAn6	9.73 ± 0.33	9.39 ± 0.51	8.96 ± 0.26	8.38 ± 0.35	0.039 b , d
ACL	18.13 ± 0.02	18.06 ± 0.03	18.02 ± 0.01	18.12 ± 0.1	0.964
DBI	109.63 ± 1.72	99.69 ± 4.97	103.11 ± 1.66	108.54 ± 6.55	0.691
PI	89.01 ± 4.24	78.44 ± 7.69	79.03 ± 5.25	84.98 ± 10.49	0.809
Estimated desaturase and elongase activities
Δ9(n−7)	0.07 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.506
Δ9(n−9)	0.89 ± 0.08	0.77 ± 0.15	0.96 ± 0.1	1.03 ± 0.11	0.433
Δ5(n−6)	22.08 ± 4.98	30.13 ± 2.64	32.52 ± 3.9	42.36 ± 12.89	0.768
Δ6(n−3)	15.14 ± 2.36	18.94 ± 5.96	16.19 ± 2.51	12.78 ± 2.01	0.302
Δ6(n−3)	0.21 ± 0.07	0.52 ± 0.24	0.42 ± 0.14	0.25 ± 0.09	0.444
Elovl3(n−9)	0.06 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.09	0.06 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.928
Elovl6	1.01 ± 0.03	1.23 ± 0.2	0.99 ± 0.04	1 ± 0.05	0.997
Elovl1‐3‐7a	0.01 ± 0	0.01 ± 0	0.01 ± 0	0.01 ± 0	0.346
Elovl1‐3‐7b	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.164
Elovl1‐3‐7c	19.55 ± 3.24	29.26 ± 11.07	13.45 ± 2.66	21.54 ± 5.25	0.105
Elovl5(n−6)	0.66 ± 0.12	1.12 ± 0.5	0.79 ± 0.16	0.73 ± 0.11	0.672
Elovl2‐5 (n−6)	0.59 ± 0.05	0.56 ± 0.09	0.56 ± 0.07	0.54 ± 0.05	0.42
Elovl 2–5(n−3)	0.2 ± 0.03	0.23 ± 0.04	0.21 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.06	1
Elovl 2(n−3)	12.17 ± 2.04	6.38 ± 0.5	8.24 ± 1.93	36.21 ± 20.44	0.028 a , b , c
Peroxisome β‐oxidation	1.54 ± 0.22	1.36 ± 0.29	1.52 ± 0.27	1.47 ± 0.24	0.691

Values are reported as mean±SEM from 6 to 8 cases and are expressed as mol%. Inter‐group differences were measured by pairwise Kruskal–Wallis test applying a Bonferroni correction. Minimum significance level is set at p < 0.05. Estimated desaturase and elongase activities from specific product/substrate ratios: Δ9(n−7), ratio 16:1n−9/16:0; Δ9(n−9), ratio 18:1n−9/18:0; Δ5(n−6), ratio 20:4n−6/20:3n−6; Δ6(n−3), ratio 18:4n−3/18:3n−3; Δ6(n−3), ratio 24:6n−3/24:5n−3; Elovl3(n−9), ratio 20:1n−9/18:1n−9; Elovl6, ratio 18:0/16:0; Elovl1‐3‐7a, ratio 20:0/18:0; Elovl1‐3‐7b, ratio 22:0/20:0; Elovl1‐3‐7c, ratio 24:0/22:0; Elovl5(n−6), ratio 20:2n−6/18:2n−6; Elovl2‐5 (n−6), ratio 22:4n−6/20:4n−6; Elovl 2–5(n−3), 22:5n−3/20:5n−3; Elovl 2(n−3), 24:5n−3/22:5n−3; Peroxisome β‐oxidation, ratio 22:6n−3/24:6n−3.

^aControl versus sALS.

^bControl versus sFTLD‐TDP.

^cControl versus c9FTLD.

^dsFTLD‐TDP versus c9FTLD.