Table 1.
IRAC MoA Classification Scheme 2020 (v9.4) vs Original IRAC Acaricide Classification (1988)
| 2020 | 2020 (V9.4) | 1988 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRAC Grp | IRAC subgroup/exemplifying active | Targeted physiology* | Primary site of action/MoA | IRAC Acaricide Groups |
| 1 | 1A Carbamates | NM | Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors | — |
| 1B Organophosphates (OPs) | — | |||
| 2 | 2A Cyclodienes | NM | GABA‐gated chloride channel antagonist | — |
| 2B Fiproles | — | |||
| 3 | 3A Pyrethroids | NM | Voltage‐gated sodium channel modulators | D Pyrethroids |
| 3B DDT & analogs | — | |||
| 4 | 4A Neonicotinoids | NM | nAChR competitive modulators | — |
| 4B Nicotine | — | |||
| 4C Sulfoximines | — | |||
| 4D Butenolides | — | |||
| 4E Mesoionics | — | |||
| 5 | Spinosyns | NM | nAChR allosteric modulators–Site 1 | — |
| 6 | Avermectins & milbemycins | NM | Glutamate‐gated chloride channels ‐ allosteric modulators | — |
| 7 | 7A Juvenoids | GD | Juvenile hormone receptor agonists | — |
| 7B Fenoxycarb | — | |||
| 7C Pyriproxyfen | — | |||
| 8 | 8A Alkyl halides | UN/NS | Multi‐site | — |
| 8B chloropicrin | Multi‐site | — | ||
| 8C Fluorides | Multi‐site | — | ||
| 8D Borates | Multi‐site | — | ||
| 8E Tartar emetic | Multi‐site | — | ||
| 8F Methyl isothiocyanate generators | Multi‐site | — | ||
| 9 | 9B Pyridine azomethine derv. | NM | Chordotonal organ | — |
| 9D Pyropropenes | — | |||
| 10 | 10A Hexathiazox | GD | Mite growth inhibitors |
B Hexathiazox B Clofentezine |
| 10B Oxazoles | GD | — | ||
| 11 | 11A Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) | MG | Midgut membrane | — |
| 11B Bacillus sphaericus | — | |||
| 12 | 12A Diafenthiuron | RSP | Inhibitors of ATP synthase | — |
| 12B Organotin miticides | A Organotins | |||
| 12C Propargite | H Propargite | |||
| 12D Tetradifon | F Tetradifon | |||
| 13 | Pyrroles, Dinitrophenols, Sulfuramid | RSP | Oxidative phosphorylation ‐ uncouplers | K Dinobuton |
| 14 | Nereistoxin analogs | NM | nAChR channel blockers | — |
| 15 | Benzoylureas | GD | Chitin synthesis inhibitor | — |
| 16 | Buprofezin | GD | Chitin synthesis inhibitor | — |
| 17 | Cyromazine | GD | Moulting disruptors, dipteran | — |
| 18 | Diacylhydrazines | GD | Ecdysone receptor agonist | — |
| 19 | Formamidines | NM | Octopamine receptor agonist | G Amitraz |
| 20 | 20A Hydramethylnon | RSP | MET III inhibitors | — |
| 20B Acequinocyl | — | |||
| 20C Fluacrypyrim | — | |||
| 20D Bifenazate | — | |||
| 21 | 21A MET I inhibitors | RSP | MET I inhibitors | — |
| 21B rotenone | — | |||
| 22 | 22A Oxadiazines | NM | Voltage gated sodium channel blocker | — |
| 22B Semicarbazone | — | |||
| 23 | Tetronic/tetramic acids | GD | Inhibitors of ACCase | — |
| 24 | 24A Phosphine | RSP | MET IV inhibitor | — |
| 24B Cyanide | — | |||
| 25 | 25A β‐Ketonitrile derivatives | RSP | MET II inhibitors | — |
| 25B Carboxanilides | — | |||
| 28 | Diamides | NM | Ryanodine receptor | — |
| 29 | Flonicamid | NM | Chordotonal org. Mod. Undefined target site | — |
| 30 | Meta‐diamides & isoxazolines | NM | GABA‐gated chloride channel allosteric modulators | — |
| 31 | Granuloviruses (GVs)/Nucelopoly hedroviruses (NPVs) | MG | Midgut membrane | — |
| 32 | GS‐omega/kappa HXTX‐HV1A peptide | NM | nAChR allosteric modulators –Site II | — |
| UN | Azadirachtin | UN/NS | Unknown | — |
| Benzoximate | UN/NS | Unknown | J Benzoximate | |
| Bromopropylate | UN/NS | Unknown | C Bridged diphenyl cpds | |
| Chinomethionat | UN/NS | Unknown | I Quinomethionate | |
| Dicofol | UN/NS | Unknown | — | |
| Lime sulfur | UN/NS | Unknown | — | |
| Pyridalyl | UN/NS | Unknown | — | |
| Sulfur | UN/NS | Unknown | — | |
| BIOLOGICS | ||||
| UNB | Unknown bacterial agents (non‐Bt) | UN/NS | Unknown | — |
| UNE | Botanical essence including synthetic extracts & unrefined oils | UN/NS | Unknown | — |
| UNF | Fungal agents | UN/NS | Unknown | — |
| UNM | Non‐specific mechanical disruptors | UN/NS | Unknown | — |