Table 3.

Effect of Pathological T-category and Lymphovascular Invasion on Overall Survival (n=4,177)

Group	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	p-Value
T1/T2 LVI−	referent	referent
T1/T2 LVI+	1.8	1.4–2.3	<0.001
T3 LVI−	2.1	1.8–2.5	<0.001
T3 LVI+	3.7	3.1–4.3	<0.001
T4 LVI−	5.3	4.0–7.1	<0.001
T4 LVI+	7.1	5.8–8.7	<0.001

Multivariate competing-risks regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, Charlson–Deyo score, WHO grade, pathological N category, surgical margin status, and chemotherapy administration. Cofactors with statistically significant independent effects included (hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals in parentheses): older age (continuous) (1.03, 1.02–1.04), Charlson–Deyo score ≥2 (1.5, 1.3–1.8), pathologic N+ (1.5, 1.3–1.7), high grade (1.9, 1.5–2.4), unknown grade (2.0, 1.4–2.7), positive surgical margins (2.0, 1.8–2.4), unknown surgical margins (1.5, 1.0–2.2), and chemotherapy administered (0.8, 0.7–0.9).