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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 May 31;21(5):856–862. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13037

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of study participants by diabetes type (excluding other diabetes type)

Total (n = 343) type 1 DM (n = 293) type 2 DM (n = 50) P value
Age at eye exam (SD, yr) 16.1 (±3.99) 15.8 (±4.09) 18.1 (±2.62) <.001
Age at diabetes diagnosis 12.5 (±4.71) 11.5 (±4.45) 17.0 (±2.98) <.001
Duration of diabetes diagnosis 3.7 (±3.28) 4.1 (±3.32) 1.1 (±1.26) <.001
Male sex, n (%) 152 (44.3%) 135 (46.1%) 17 (34.0%) .112
Race/ethnicity <.001
 Non-Hispanic white 185 (54.7%) 173 (60.1%) 12 (24.0%)
 Non-Hispanic black 105 (31.1%) 77 (26.7%) 28 (56.0%)
 Hispanic 20 (5.9%) 14 (4.9%) 6 (12.0%)
 Other 28 (8.2%) 24 (8.3%) 4 (8.0%)
 Missing = 5
HgbA1c (n = 212)
 Mean (SD, %) 8.9 (±2.32) 9.2 (±2.20) 8.1 (±2.77) .050
 Median (IQR) 8.6 (2.57) 8.7 (2.44) 7.5 (3.79)
HbA1c > 8% 145 (66.2%) 130 (71.8%) 17 (53.1%) <.001
HbA1c ≤ 8% 74 (33.8%) 51 (28.2%) 15 (46.9%)
BMI (n = 247)
 Mean (SD, kg/m2) 27.0 (±14.97) 25.4 (±15.31) 35.6 (±9.30) <.001
BP (nominal value), mean (SD) (n = 256)
 Systolic BP (mmHg) 116.7 (±13.32) 115.4 (±12.40) 124.0 (±15.63) .002
 Diastolic BP 69.3 (±9.50) 68.5 (±8.96) 73.5 (±11.12) .009
 Mean arterial pressure 85.1 (±9.56) 84.1 (±9.02) 90.3 (±10.64) <.001
Insurance
 Commercial 194 (59.9%) 166 (61.9%) 21 (45.7%) .182
 Medicaid 117 (35.1%) 90 (33.6%) 24 (52.2%)
 Other 13 (4.01%) 12 (4.5%) 1 (2.2%)
Diabetic retinopathy .415
 Prevalence 13 (3.8%) 10 (3.4%) 3 (6.0%)

Abbreviation: DM, diabetes mellitus.