TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study participants by diabetes type (excluding other diabetes type)
| Total (n = 343) | type 1 DM (n = 293) | type 2 DM (n = 50) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at eye exam (SD, yr) | 16.1 (±3.99) | 15.8 (±4.09) | 18.1 (±2.62) | <.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis | 12.5 (±4.71) | 11.5 (±4.45) | 17.0 (±2.98) | <.001 |
| Duration of diabetes diagnosis | 3.7 (±3.28) | 4.1 (±3.32) | 1.1 (±1.26) | <.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 152 (44.3%) | 135 (46.1%) | 17 (34.0%) | .112 |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 185 (54.7%) | 173 (60.1%) | 12 (24.0%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 105 (31.1%) | 77 (26.7%) | 28 (56.0%) | |
| Hispanic | 20 (5.9%) | 14 (4.9%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
| Other | 28 (8.2%) | 24 (8.3%) | 4 (8.0%) | |
| Missing = 5 | ||||
| HgbA1c (n = 212) | ||||
| Mean (SD, %) | 8.9 (±2.32) | 9.2 (±2.20) | 8.1 (±2.77) | .050 |
| Median (IQR) | 8.6 (2.57) | 8.7 (2.44) | 7.5 (3.79) | |
| HbA1c > 8% | 145 (66.2%) | 130 (71.8%) | 17 (53.1%) | <.001 |
| HbA1c ≤ 8% | 74 (33.8%) | 51 (28.2%) | 15 (46.9%) | |
| BMI (n = 247) | ||||
| Mean (SD, kg/m2) | 27.0 (±14.97) | 25.4 (±15.31) | 35.6 (±9.30) | <.001 |
| BP (nominal value), mean (SD) (n = 256) | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 116.7 (±13.32) | 115.4 (±12.40) | 124.0 (±15.63) | .002 |
| Diastolic BP | 69.3 (±9.50) | 68.5 (±8.96) | 73.5 (±11.12) | .009 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 85.1 (±9.56) | 84.1 (±9.02) | 90.3 (±10.64) | <.001 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Commercial | 194 (59.9%) | 166 (61.9%) | 21 (45.7%) | .182 |
| Medicaid | 117 (35.1%) | 90 (33.6%) | 24 (52.2%) | |
| Other | 13 (4.01%) | 12 (4.5%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | .415 | |||
| Prevalence | 13 (3.8%) | 10 (3.4%) | 3 (6.0%) |
Abbreviation: DM, diabetes mellitus.