Table 8.

Catalytic systems, major products, maximum FEs, and mechanisms of Ir complexes in electrochemical CO₂ reduction (n.a.=not available, prop.=proposal, comp.=computational investigation, exp.=experimental evidence).

Entry	Cat. system	Substitution	Major product	Max. FE (%)	Mechanism	Basis	Method	Ref.
1	[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]	–	CO/H2O HCO2 −	n.a. n.a.	ETH	prop.	n.a.	[276]
2a		L=H, MeCN n=0, 1 R=H, pyr, 4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazinium+ Y=CH2, O	HCO2 − H2	96 [277] 15 [274]	ETH	exp. [274] comp. [278]	NMR DFT	[274, 277–279]
2b		Y=CH2, NH, O	CO/H2O	98	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	[280]
2c		–	HCO2 −	97	ETH	exp.	NMR	[281]
3		–	HCO2 −	97	ETH	exp.	NMR	[273]
4		R1=H, Me, NH2, OMe R2=H, Me, tBu, OMe R3=H, CO2Et, CONH(p‐tolyl), OMe	HCO2 −	44	ETH	prop.	n.a.	[282]
5		L=MeCN n=1, 2 Y=N, C	CO/CO3 2− HCO2 −	100 10	ETH	comp.	DFT	[272]
6		R=Cp*	C2O4 2−	60 [275]	ETM	exp.	IL, IR‐SEC	[ 266 , 275 ]