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. 2021 Jun 17;12:655477. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655477

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Copyright © 2021 Tu, Huang, Zhang, Mei and Zhu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mutual interaction between macrophages and T cells includes ICAM3/DC-SIGN, CD40/CD80 and CCL21/CCR7-Th17. The interaction of macrophages/T cells via DC-SIGN/ICAM-3 promotes the additional activation of synovial macrophages and production of EMMPRIN and MMP-1. IL-7 promotes co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD40 on CD14+ monocytes in the presence of CD4+ T cells. In the early stages of RA, CCL21-induced M1 cytokines favor the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th17 cells. In the erosive stages of RA, CCL21 aggravates RA osteoclastogenesis via M1 macrophages-mediated Th17 differentiation.