. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Early Child Res Q. 2021 Jun 22;57:27–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.05.002

Table 3.

Correlations between the home language and literacy environment and children’s initial Spanish and English language skills.

	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1. TV	.06	.09^*	.06	−.02	−.06	−.04	.02	−.05	−.02	.09^*	.00	.04	.12^**	.11^*	.10^**	−.05
2. % Spn		.05	−.02	−.01	.03	.20^**	.08^*	.02	.06	−.11^**	.22^**	.04	.11^**	.09⁺	−.01	.09^*
3. Conv Freq			.10^**	.10^*	.17^**	−.05	.14^**	.11^**	.13^**	.05	.06	.19^**	.15^**	.06	.04	.01
4. Picture Book				.62^**	.35^**	−.24^**	.23^**	.14^**	.22^**	.20^**	.06	.13^**	.31^**	.22^**	.26^**	−.02
5. ABC Book					.26^**	−.15^**	.24^**	.27^**	.15^**	.15^**	.10^*	.12^**	.14^**	.10^*	.15^**	−.01
6. Read Freq						−.09^*	.36^**	.32^**	.26^**	.05	.05	.17^**	.12^**	.13^**	.14^**	.02
7. Lng Read							−.05	.03	−.08^*	−.58^**	.15^**	−.04	−.30^**	−.26^**	.35^**	.19^**
8. Enjoy Read								.29^**	.21^**	.10^*	.03	.26^**	.18^**	.03	.08^*	.05
9. Engage Story									.18^**	.06	.11^**	.19^**	.02	−.07	.02	.01
10. Par Eng Read										.16^**	.18^**	.17^**	.17^**	.08⁺	.09^*	.04
11. Par Eng Read											.06	.08^*	.44^**	.34^**	.26^**	−.06
12. Par Spn Read												.09^*	.23^**	.18^**	−.02	.13^**
13. Pre-K Importance													.16^**	.03	.02	.04
14. Maternal Ed														.46^**	.28^**	.09^*
15. Income															.26^**	.03
16. Eng Voc T1																−.02
17. Spn Voc T1

Note. TV = Average number of hours spent watching TV per day. % Spn = Percent of time Spanish is spoken at home. Conv. Freq. = Frequency with which parents have conversations with children. Picture Book = Number of picture books in the home. ABC Book = Number of alphabet books in the home. Read Freq. = Frequency with which parents read to children. Enjoy Read = Child enjoys reading. Engage Story = Frequency with which parents engage children in stories. Par. Enj. Read = Parents’ self-reported enjoyment of reading. Par Eng Read = Parental reading skills in English. Par Spn Read = Parental reading skills in Spanish. Pre-K Importance = Parental beliefs about the importance of preparing children for preschool. Maternal Ed. = Maternal education level. Income = Annual family income. Eng Voc T1 = English definitional vocabulary knowledge at Time 1. Spn Voc T1 = Spanish definitional vocabulary knowledge at Time 1.

^**

p < .001.

p < .05.

⁺

p < .10.