. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Early Child Res Q. 2021 Jun 22;57:27–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.05.002

Table 6.

Standardized coefficients for final conditional models examining the unique relations between aspects of the home language and literacy environment and initial level and rate of growth of English and Spanish vocabulary

	Spanish Vocabulary		English Vocabulary
Predictor Variable	Intercept	Linear	Intercept	Linear	Quadratic
Covariates
Intercept		.07		−.30^***
Age	.33^***	−.09	.26^***	.10	−.14
Spanish Vocabulary			−.70^***	.14	−.02
English Vocabulary	−.60^***	.30⁺
Maternal Education	.17^***	−.24^*	.11^**	−.03	.06
Family Income	.06	−.05	.07⁺	.06	−.07
Language Exposure
% Spanish Spoken in Home	.00	.20^**
Reading Exposure
Picture Books in Home			.08^**	.17^**	−.20^*
Frequency of Shared Reading			.08^*	−.08	.08
Language Read to Child	.08	.16^*
Family Reading Habits
Parent Interest in Reading			.02	.01	−.02
Reading Skill in English	−.01	−.14
Reading Skill in Spanish	.20	.20^***

Note. Spanish Vocabulary = Spanish vocabulary at Time 1. English Vocabulary = English vocabulary at Time 1. TV = amount of time spent watching TV each day. % Spanish = Percent of time Spanish is spoken in the home.

^***

p < .001.

^**

p < .01.

p < .05.

⁺

p < .10.