Table 4.
TSNAs in WB worn for 7 days in relation to child’s exposure classification
| Exposure group by classification scheme (#) | WB total TSNAs n |
WB total TSNAs n (% detected)* |
WB total TSNAs concentration, ng/g silicone (median, p25–p75) |
NNK n (% detected)* |
NAT n (% detected)* |
NAB n (% detected)* |
NNN n (% detected)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recruitment (I) | |||||||
| NS-nonexposed at recruitment | 14 | 2 (14) | 0.10 (0.0–0.10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| EC | 19 | 5 (26) | 0.10 (0.0–0.11) | 3 (16) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 1 (5) |
| CC | 18 | 13 (72) | 0.20 (0.05–0.53) a | 11 (61) | 7 (39) | 6 (33) | 3 (17) |
| Child’s reported exposure (II) | |||||||
| NS-nonexposed by caregiver report | 23 | 6 (26) | 0.05 (0.04–0.24) | 3 (13) | 1 (4) | 3 (13) | 1 (4) |
| EC | 14 | 3 (21) | 0.05 (0.04–0.19)- | 2 (14) | 0, (0) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) |
| EC + CC | 4 | 3 (75) | 0.09 (0.04–0.53) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) |
| CC | 9 | 8 (88) | 0.40 (0.04–0.67) a | 7 (78) | 4 (44) | 5 (56) | 3 (33) |
| Residents’ tobacco product use (III) | |||||||
| NS-no use by residents | 13 | 2 (15) | 0.05 (0.04–0.13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) |
| EC | 14 | 3 (21) | 0.05 (0.04–0.21) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 1 (7) |
| EC + CC | 13 | 6 (46) | 0.06 (0.04–0.53) | 6 (46) | 3 (23) | 2 (15) | 1 (8) |
| CC | 11 | 9 (82) | 0.25 (0.04–0.67) a,b | 7 (64) | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | 2 (18) |
Note: Bold values are significant different values (p < .05). Also note that one participant did not have a complete reported exposure variable, so n = 50 instead of n = 51 for this group.
NS = no smoking and no e-cigarette use by caregivers or residents and home smoking ban; CC = conventional cigarette; EC = electronic cigarettes; TSNAs = tobacco-specific nitrosamines; NAT = N′-nitrosoanatabine; NNN = N-nitrosonornicotine; NAB = N-nitrosoanabasine; NNK = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; p25–p75 = 25th and 75th percentile; LOD = limit of detection (0.05 ng/g); Classification I = at recruitment, reported exposure of the child; NS = no smoking and no e-cigarette use by caregivers or residents and home smoking ban, EC exposure to EC inside; CC = exposure to CC inside; Classification II = exposure of the child in same indoor room based on report of caregiver for 7-day period; Classification III = residents reported use over 7-day period inside the home whether or not child was present. *n, (%) detected = WB that had listed compounds detected in laboratory analysis.
aSignificantly higher levels than NS (p < .01).
bSignificantly higher levels than EC (p < .01).