Table 2.

Proposed clinical, population, and research strategies for improving CRC and HCC screening among underserved populations

	Clinical and population strategies	Research strategies
CRC	Develop resources to help health systems caring for underserved populations to identify and track individuals not up-to-date Implement evidence-based strategies for increasing screening, such as mailed FIT outreach, offering FIT at time of flu shots, and navigation to aid in colonoscopy completion after diagnostic or screening colonoscopy referral Ensure no cost access to screening (e.g., FIT and colonoscopy) tests and diagnostic colonoscopy	Compare impact of combinations of strategies (such as an inreach plus an outreach approach) for boosting screening Evaluate reasons for non-response to current strategies Consider testing novel approaches, such as financial incentives for increasing screening
HCC	Develop resources to measure and track HCC screening rates Ensure no cost access to HCC screening and diagnostic follow-up Educate providers on importance of HCC screening and how to identify patients with cirrhosis who might benefit	Evaluate differences in stage at presentation and stage-specific survival across race, ethnicity, income, and educational status Evaluate national screening rates, with an eye towards characterizing any disparities across populations Develop and test inreach and outreach strategies for promoting screening, building on previous work in the area of CRC screening Take special steps to enroll populations at higher risk for adverse HCC outcomes into any future prospective studies of screening to ensure generalizability to these populations