FIGURE 1 |.

Conceptual diagram of the model portraying the tradeoff between intra-pair copulations (IPC) and extra-pair copulations (EPC). The Monte Carlo method limited us to treating each of the four IPC-EPCs tradeoffs as discrete points in time. In each simulation, the focal male could gain a maximum of 12 EPC offspring (each representing an independent chance), at the potential cost of up to four IPC offspring. A foray refers to each time that the focal male left his territory and risked one IPC for up to three EPCs. Each foray resulted in a copulation search, which refers to the three opportunities to gain up to three EPC offspring.