TABLE. Mean difference in access* to full-time in-person compared with virtual-only learning modes† between non-Hispanic White students and students of color,§ by region and jurisdiction¶ — United States, September 2020–April 2021.
| Area | Total enrollment included in sample | Full-time in-person access |
Virtual-only access |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean percentage of students with access (95% CI) | Mean difference in access for students of color (95% CI) |
Mean percentage of students with access (95% CI) | Mean difference in access for students of color (95% CI) | |||
|
Region
| ||||||
| South |
11,733,585 |
62.5 (61.4 to 63.5) |
−3.5 (−4.5 to −2.5) |
21.6 (20.7 to 22.5) |
3.8 (2.2 to 5.5) |
|
| Midwest |
3,280,369 |
37.1 (36.1 to 38.1) |
−20.1 (−21.7 to −18.4) |
36.7 (35.7 to 37.8) |
22.6 (19.3 to 25.9) |
|
| West |
5,451,104 |
21.8 (20.8 to 22.7) |
−22.6 (−24.3 to −20.9) |
58.4 (57.2 to 59.6) |
26.7 (24.3 to 29.2) |
|
| Northeast |
1,974,998 |
16.2 (15.5 to 17.0) |
−12.3 (−14.8 to −9.9) |
41.7 (40.6 to 42.8) |
31.0 (28.8 to 33.2) |
|
|
Jurisdiction
| ||||||
| Wyoming |
27,751 |
100.0 (100.0) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
| Montana |
12,488 |
100.0 (100.0) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
| Florida |
2,679,579 |
98.4 (97.6 to 99.2) |
−1.1 (−3.2 to 1.1) |
1.3 (0.5 to 2.1) |
1.1 (−1.1 to 3.3) |
|
| Arkansas |
102,025 |
81.5 (75.5 to 87.5) |
21.3 (20.6 to 22.0) |
1.0 (−0.5 to 2.5) |
0.4 (−0.4 to 1.1) |
|
| Utah |
435,494 |
79.5 (74.7 to 84.3) |
−18.9 (−21.0 to −16.9) |
2.7 (0.7 to 4.6) |
3.6 (2.1 to 5.0) |
|
| South Dakota |
43,311 |
76.8 (66.7 to 86.8) |
−0.8 (−1.0 to −0.6) |
0.0 (—) |
0 (—) |
|
| Texas |
3,054,742 |
74.8 (73.1 to 76.5) |
−13.5 (−15.1 to −11.9) |
5.8 (4.9 to 6.8) |
4.3 (2.1 to 6.4) |
|
| Louisiana |
257,164 |
74.6 (71.0 to 78.1) |
−11.0 (−12.5 to −9.5) |
1.2 (−0.3 to 2.6) |
1.3 (−0.4 to 2.9) |
|
| Nebraska |
146,720 |
73.6 (68.8 to 78.5) |
−10.6 (−17.9 to −3.3) |
3.8 (1.6 to 5.9) |
3.8 (0.0 to 7.7) |
|
| Alabama |
293,702 |
69.5 (64.3 to 74.6) |
−8.8 (−13.2 to −4.5) |
17.3 (13.1 to 21.5) |
14.8 (10.4 to 19.1) |
|
| Mississippi |
120,489 |
69.2 (63.4 to 75.0) |
−16.3 (−22.0 to −10.7) |
11.2 (6.9 to 15.4) |
15.8 (9.1 to 22.5) |
|
| Georgia |
1,012,693 |
68.5 (64.5 to 72.6) |
−17.3 (−18.0 to −16.6) |
23.9 (20.1 to 27.6) |
15.1 (12.7 to 17.5) |
|
| South Carolina |
497,693 |
67.7 (64.3 to 71.1) |
−2.2 (−3.1 to −1.4) |
8.9 (6.4 to 11.3) |
2.8 (0.9 to 4.8) |
|
| North Dakota |
44,341 |
65.8 (57.5 to 74.2) |
0.1 (−1.1 to 1.3) |
0.6 (−0.6 to 1.8) |
0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) |
|
| Arizona |
348,120 |
64.7 (60.4 to 69.1) |
−14.2 (−17.2 to −11.2) |
25.6 (21.5 to 29.8) |
15.6 (11.6 to 19.6) |
|
| Iowa |
124,369 |
60.0 (53.8 to 66.2) |
−7.1 (−10.3 to −3.8) |
10.7 (6.9 to 14.6) |
3.7 (0.7 to 6.7) |
|
| Tennessee |
494,768 |
58.8 (53.2 to 64.3) |
−16.9 (−24.7 to −9.1) |
36.6 (30.9 to 42.2) |
21.7 (13.2 to 30.1) |
|
| Missouri |
271,026 |
55.8 (52.3 to 59.3) |
−14.1 (−15.8 to −12.4) |
21.5 (18.1 to 24.9) |
22.8 (18.6 to 27.0) |
|
| Indiana |
328,466 |
55.1 (52.4 to 57.8) |
−14.7 (−16.1 to −13.4) |
16.1 (13.7 to 18.6) |
10.9 (7.1 to 14.8) |
|
| Oklahoma |
153,078 |
53.7 (48.1 to 59.3) |
−20.5 (−25.8 to −15.1) |
26.7 (21.3 to 32.1) |
18.1 (11.4 to 24.8) |
|
| Kansas |
184,604 |
52.9 (48.1 to 57.7) |
−7.4 (−10.9 to −4.0) |
29.3 (23.9 to 34.7) |
15.0 (11.6 to 18.3) |
|
| Idaho |
126,946 |
44.8 (39.4 to 50.2) |
−8.4 (−10.3 to −6.5) |
13.2 (8.3 to 18.0) |
5.0 (1.7 to 8.3) |
|
| Colorado |
651,020 |
44.3 (41.5 to 47.2) |
−4.6 (−6.2 to −3.0) |
28.7 (25.0 to 32.4) |
2.4 (0.0 to 4.9) |
|
| Vermont |
11,215 |
44.1 (38.1 to 50.2) |
−1.5 (−4.1 to 1.0) |
8.5 (4.8 to 12.3) |
4.4 (2.1 to 6.7) |
|
| Michigan |
345,524 |
40.9 (38.5 to 43.2) |
−20.7 (−26.8 to −14.7) |
44.7 (42.2 to 47.2) |
21.6 (15.8 to 27.4) |
|
| Alaska |
70,370 |
40.1 (31.9 to 48.3) |
−1.4 (−4.9 to 2.1) |
41.6 (31.2 to 52.0) |
12.5 (8.9 to 16.1) |
|
| West Virginia |
56,868 |
39.9 (28.4 to 51.4) |
−0.7 (−2.4 to 0.9) |
28.4 (18.0 to 38.8) |
1.2 (−0.7 to 3.0) |
|
| Ohio |
499,577 |
36.8 (34.5 to 39.2) |
−23.2 (−25.4 to −21.0) |
32.1 (29.9 to 34.4) |
21.8 (16.2 to 27.4) |
|
| Connecticut |
143,101 |
35.4 (31.9 to 38.9) |
−9.8 (−13.4 to −6.3) |
19.1 (15.8 to 22.4) |
9.9 (7.0 to 12.9) |
|
| Rhode Island |
43,015 |
35.1 (30.9 to 39.3) |
3.6 (0.8 to 6.4) |
26.7 (19.6 to 33.8) |
−3.3 (−8.4 to 1.8) |
|
| Minnesota |
227,000 |
30.4 (26.5 to 34.3) |
−2.1 (−3.6 to −0.5) |
50.2 (45.4 to 55.0) |
11.9 (8.6 to 15.1) |
|
| North Carolina |
942,072 |
25.5 (23.0 to 28.0) |
−4.6 (−5.4 to −3.7) |
38.5 (34.7 to 42.2) |
10.9 (7.9 to 13.8) |
|
| Wisconsin |
268,237 |
25.5 (22.3 to 28.8) |
−12.9 (−15.7 to −10.2) |
59.6 (55.5 to 63.7) |
27.3 (22.7 to 31.9) |
|
| Pennsylvania |
633,775 |
22.4 (20.8 to 24.0) |
−21.5 (−25.6 to −17.5) |
44.1 (42.1 to 46.2) |
38.6 (35.7 to 41.6) |
|
| Kentucky |
199,713 |
17.8 (12.3 to 23.3) |
−9.0 (−11.3 to −6.8) |
63.4 (56.3 to 70.4) |
12.6 (8.4 to 16.7) |
|
| Delaware |
90,500 |
15.1 (11.7 to 18.6) |
0.0 (−1.1 to 1.0) |
27.1 (21.4 to 32.7) |
4.1 (1.9 to 6.3) |
|
| New Mexico |
170,693 |
14.9 (9.5 to 20.2) |
−1.2 (−1.6 to −0.7) |
77.2 (71.2 to 83.2) |
3.2 (2.0 to 4.3) |
|
| New Hampshire |
52,543 |
14.8 (10.7 to 18.9) |
−8.5 (−11.4 to −5.5) |
25.8 (20.7 to 30.8) |
10.7 (6.3 to 15.1) |
|
| Nevada |
408,723 |
13.6 (8.6 to 18.5) |
−6.4 (−7.3 to −5.4) |
65.7 (56.4 to 75.1) |
10.8 (8.6 to 12.9) |
|
| New York |
377,921 |
13.5 (12.3 to 14.8) |
−5.7 (−7.0 to −4.4) |
25.1 (23.1 to 27.1) |
14.3 (10.9 to 17.7) |
|
| Virginia |
873,746 |
12.2 (9.9 to 14.5) |
−7.1 (−8.3 to −5.9) |
59.2 (55.5 to 62.9) |
8.0 (6.8 to 9.1) |
|
| Illinois |
797,194 |
10.1 (8.7 to 11.6) |
−9.7 (−13.2 to −6.3) |
54.0 (51.5 to 56.5) |
21.4 (16.7 to 26.1) |
|
| Maine |
27,647 |
7.9 (4.6 to 11.3) |
−3.1 (−4.8 to −1.5) |
3.4 (1.0 to 5.8) |
−1.7 (−4.0 to 0.5) |
|
| District of Columbia |
50,971 |
7.0 (2.9 to 11.2) |
0 (—) |
89.6 (85.2 to 94.0) |
0 (—) |
|
| Massachusetts |
239,342 |
6.8 (5.2 to 8.3) |
−4.6 (−8.0 to −1.1) |
54.9 (51.2 to 58.5) |
32.8 (28.2 to 37.3) |
|
| New Jersey |
446,439 |
6.7 (5.5 to 7.9) |
−8.5 (−12.5 to −4.4) |
59.2 (56.7 to 61.7) |
41.4 (37.4 to 45.4) |
|
| Oregon |
302,998 |
4.4 (3.1 to 5.7) |
−2.5 (−3.5 to −1.5) |
80.5 (77.5 to 83.5) |
5.5 (3.6 to 7.4) |
|
| California |
2,327,278 |
4.0 (3.3 to 4.6) |
−5.8 (−6.8 to −4.8) |
79.1 (77.6 to 80.6) |
17.4 (15.0 to 19.8) |
|
| Washington |
388,135 |
2.8 (2.2 to 3.5) |
−1.1 (−1.4 to −0.8) |
69.0 (66.2 to 71.8) |
5.6 (4.1 to 7.1) |
|
| Maryland |
853,781 |
2.3 (0.9 to 3.8) |
−3.5 (−6.1 to −0.9) |
76.9 (73.0 to 80.8) |
11.3 (6.4 to 16.1) |
|
| Hawaii | 181,088 | 1.3 (−0.3 to 3.0) | 0 (—) |
52.3 (42.1 to 62.4) | 0 (—) | |
* To calculate mean difference, the percentage of students with access to virtual-only and full-time in-person learning modes was first calculated for each time point during September 2020–April 2021. The average of these percentages was then calculated over the study period for each learning mode. The percentage point difference of these two means is presented. A positive value indicates a higher percentage of students of color in the learning mode compared with non-Hispanic White students. A negative value indicates a higher percentage of non-Hispanic White students in the learning mode compared with students of color.
† The “virtual-only” learning mode is defined as no access to in-person instruction; entirely online, including synchronous and asynchronous instruction. The “full-time in-person” learning mode is defined as access to in-person instruction 5 days a week.
§ Race/ethnicity data are based on district-level National Center for Education Statistics 2019–20 demographic data (https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/elsi). Students of color include all students who identify with a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, including students who are American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African American, Hispanic, or two or more races.
¶ Sample includes students who had access to all learning modes, including virtual-only instruction, full-time in-person instruction, and hybrid (access to part-time in-person learning) instruction and mean percent of students with access and 95% confidence intervals are calculated using total district enrollment as analytic weights. Note that the percent of students with access to hybrid instruction is not presented in this table to highlight a focus on virtual access and full-time in-person access. Thus, the columns presenting access to virtual-only and full-time in-person instruction might not sum to 100%.