Table 1. The gaps in climate resilience components in government’s urban missions.

Mission / Initiative	Infrastructure	Gaps in Climate resilience
Smart City	Water supply, sanitation and waste management, urban mobility and public transport, health and education, electricity, affordable housing, robust IT and digitization	Lacks assessment of urban climate vulnerability, future impacts and resilience measures in defining smart city features, strategy and proposal preparation guidelines crucial to planning, infrastructure, buildings, health, etc.
AMRUT	Water supply, sewerage facilities and septage management, storm water drains, green spaces, parks and recreation centres, parking spaces and pedestrians non-motorized public transport	Provision of open spaces and transportation facilities lacks resistance to floods, heat, sea-level rise, landslides, etc. The refurbishment of old infrastructure and creation of new one lacks strengthening/ coping mechanisms to endure foreseeable climate impacts. The water supply, drainage and sewerage management infrastructure lack mandatory reforms provision for water recycling and harvesting.
HRIDAY	Sanitation toilets, drinking water facilities, solid waste management, traffic management, street furniture, public transport and parking	Creation of new facilities lack pre-audits for engineering resilience against future climate impacts.
Housing for ALL (Urban)	Civic amenities and infrastructure	There is no mandatory provision to protect buildings and civic infrastructure against climate induced natural disasters
Swachh Bharat Mission	Urban households toilets, community toilets, public toilets and urinals, solid waste management	Creation of new facilities lack pre-audits for engineering resilience against future climate impacts.

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