Table 2.
Motor tests.
| Methods | Purpose | Timepoint | Apparatus | Measurement index | Range of normal value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Neurologic deficit scale | Use in motor function tests | D1, D3, D7, D14, and D21 post-ICH (34, 35) | None required | Each aspect is graded from 0 to 4 points, and the total score ranges from 0 to 24 points | 0 point in both mice and rats (34, 35) |
| 2. Corner test | Assessing integrated sensorimotor function | One day prior to surgery, D1, D3, D7, D14, D28 and D21 post-ICH (34, 35) | Two cardboard pieces forming a corner with a 30° angle (36) | The percentage of corner turn scores | Around 50% in both mice and rats (36–39) |
| 3. Staircase test | Measuring spontaneous forelimb usage, walking, and skilled reaching ability | D6, D28, D29, D30, D31, and D32 post-ICH (40) | A plexiglass box with several ladders (40) | The number of pellets remaining in each well on the two sides | Above nine in both rats and mice (41, 42) |
| 4. Rotarod test | Conduction of a double-blind assessment of behavioral function | D1, D3, D7, D14, and D21 post-ICH (43) | An accelerating rotarod (43) | The average retention time of staying in the rotarod | For rats: ~150 s (44) For mice: around 250~300 s (45) |
| 5. Cylinder test | Measurement of brain function and assess spontaneous forelimb use in rodents | D1, D3, D7, and D14 post-injury (46) | Transparent acrylic glass cylinder with a diameter of 7 to 10 cm (46) | Results analyzed with the following formula: (contralateral forelimb movement—ipsilateral forelimb movement)/(contralateral forelimb movement + ipsilateral forelimb movement + both movement) | Around 0 in normal animals (47) |
| 6. Grid walk test | Measurement of sensorimotor coordination in mice | D1, D3, D7, and D14 post-injury (48) | An overhead grid which connects two tall walls (15) | For rats: the numbers of foot faults For mice: a foot fault index [(Contralateral faults – Ipsilateral faults)/total steps] is calculated |
For rats: ~20 times (49, 50) For mice: <5% (51) |
| 7. Forelimb placing test | Assessment of ICH - induced neurological deficits | D1, D3, D12, and D28 post-ICH (52, 53) | None | This forelimb placement experiment was quantified as the percentage of successful responses in 10 trials | Nearly 100% in both rats and mice (54, 55) |
| 8. Wire hanging test | Evaluation of locomotor abnormalities and behavioral deficits in models of striatal, intra-ventricular, and cortical ICH | D1, D3, D7, D14, and D21 post-ICH (56) | A temperature-controlled and humidity-controlled room, an iron wire (1 mm in diameter, 55 cm long, 50 cm above the ground) (57) | The time that each animal remained on the wire is recorded, and the average time is calculated | Around 35 s in mice (58) |
| 9. Beam walking test | Measurement of balance and asymmetrical coordination | D1, D3, D7, D11, D14, D21, and D28 post-ICH (59) | A wooden beam usually 50 cm above the ground for mice, 1 m above the ground for rats (59–62) | Seven point scale | Seven point (63) |
| 10. Horizontal ladder test | Evaluation of walking ability | D7, D14, D21, D28 post-ICH (64–66). | A horizontal ladder 30 cm above the ground, and made up of two clear side walls (1 m long and 19 cm high) and several metal rungs (3 mm in diameter) (67, 68). | Limb error rate = error steps/total steps × 100% | Close to 0 (68) |
| 11. Adhesive removal test | Evaluation of sensorimotor neurologic deficits of both forepaws | D1, D3, D7, D14, D21 and D28 post-ICH (69, 70) | Small adhesive tape pieces (around 4 mm for mice, 6 mm for rats) (64, 70–72) | The latency of removing the tape is recorded | Within 10 s (73) |