Table 4.

Cognition tests.

Methods	Purpose	Timepoint	Apparatus	Preparation	Measurement index	Range of normal value
1. Morris water maze	Evaluation of spatial learning and memory ability	D8-15 post-ICH (117, 118)	A metal pool (110 cm in diameter) filled within 15 cm of the upper edge, a platform (11 cm in diameter) for the animals to escape to the changing position of each block (maximum = 60 sec/test)(119)	Mice are trained at intervals of 20–30 min for a total of four times during each training day (117, 118)	Escape latency, percentage time spent in the target quadrant, and platform crossing times.	For rats: escape latency: ~15 s in the testing day (88)For mice: escape latency: ~45 sTarget crossings: 12 times (119)
2. Y-maze test	Testing of spatial memory	D30 post-ICH (120)	Consists of three arms (40 cm × 15 cm × 35 cm for rats, 30 cm × 10 cm × 17 cm for mice) diverging at a 120° from the central point, and the entrance of each arm is closed with a baffle (75, 121)	Placement of animals inside the arm for free exploration of the opened two arms for 5 min (120, 122).	The percentage of novel arm entries.	Around 35% in mice and rats (75, 108)
3. Novel object recognition test	Testing of non-spatial memory	D21 post-ICH (57)	Three objects numbered A, B, and C respectively, and an open-field arena (30 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm) (57)	Habituation to the environment for 5 min 1 day before the test (57, 123)	The discrimination index (exploring object C/exploring of both objects)	Around 70% in mice and rats (57, 123)