TABLE 3.

Inheritance pattern of seed shattering trait in selected plant species.

Plant species	Scenarios	Genetic control/Inheritance pattern	References
Rice	Oryza sativa, weedy strains X cultivated strains	Four genes with segregation patterns ranging from monogenic to continuous, depending on the crosses	Tang and Morishima, 1989
Common and durum wheat	Triticum vulgare X T. durum	One gene with dominant gene action, shattering is dominant to non-shattering	Love and Craig, 1919
Einkorn wheat	Triticum monococcum X T. boeoticum	Two recessive genes with additive action, shattering is dominant to non-shattering	Sharma and Waines, 1980
Ryegrass	Lolium temulentum X L. persicum	Two recessive genes with additive action, shattering is dominant to non-shattering	Senda et al., 2006
Foxtail millet	Setaria viridis X S. italica	Two genes with additive action, hybrids with 0 or 1 allele from the shedding parent show no shedding, but with 2 or more alleles show shedding	Darmency and Pernes, 1987
Pearl millet	Pennisetum mollissimum X P. glaucum	One gene with dominant gene action, shattering is dominant to non-shattering	Poncet et al., 1998
Buckwheat	Fagopyrum homotropicum X F. esculentum	Three complementary dominant genes	Wang et al., 2005
Cowpea	Vigna unguiculata, wild X cultivated	Monogenic dominance of pod shattering over non-shattering	Aliboh et al., 1997
Turnip rape	Brassica rapa, shatter-susceptible X shatter-resistant	Two recessive major genes with a dominant epistasis effect	Mongkolporn et al., 2003