Table 2. Average costs (mean with 95%CI) per JE case (in US$) according to different classification.
| Type | No. of cases | Direct cost Medical |
Direct cost Non-medical |
Direct cost Total |
Indirect cost | Total cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prognosis of illness | ||||||
| Non-fatal cases without sequela |
32 | 2531.24 (1980.32, 3132.03)a |
321.09 (248, 388.98)a |
2852.33 (2287.71, 3461.67)a | 1025.91 (788.14, 1306.05)a | 3878.24 (3197.58, 4607.76)a |
| Non-fatal cases with mild sequela |
18 | 34868.50 (11564.10, 68231.65)b | 1689.10 (572.42, 3304.40)b | 36557.59 (12135.79, 70892.16)b | 8362.26 (4462.58, 13700.60)b | 44919.85 (16796.26, 84114.41)b |
| Non-fatal cases with severe sequela |
5 | 42821.85 (23847.72, 59479.06)b | 2786.77 (1436.07, 3991.49)b | 45608.61 (25864.44, 62876.04)b | 35857.44 (27889.12, 39841.60)b | 81466.05 (64555.20, 98376.90)b |
| Fatal cases | 5 | 26346.69 (6539.29, 49283.26)b | 1472.84 (409.57, 2895.17) | 27819.53 (6948.87, 51201.42)b | 26638.04 (23315.28, 30191.88)b | 54457.57 (30455.38, 81377.37)b |
| P-value | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Migration | ||||||
| Local | 30 | 27861.77 (12236.78, 46965.10) | 1630.62 (819.61, 2625.28) | 29492.40 (13167.68, 49287.41) | 10580.57 (5757.29, 15544.19) | 40072.97 (19784.09, 63219.46) |
| Migrate | 30 | 7287.40 (3928.74, 11817.09) | 435.27 (319.59, 572.39) | 7722.67 (4303.81, 12362.63) | 5947.01 (2673.82, 9730.57) | 13669.68 (7421.61, 21246.06) |
| P-value | 0.079 | 0.101 | 0.101 | 0.141 | 0.076 | |
| Residential location | ||||||
| Urban | 17 | 32756.85 (7483.36, 67595.09) | 1558.83 (385.43, 3216.62) | 34315.68 (7832.51, 70519.47) | 11800.10 (5398.66, 18572.56) | 46115.78 (15396.74, 87325.62) |
| Rural | 43 | 11572.30 (7024.09, 16788.02) | 825.03 (517, 1182.28) | 12397.33 (7596.82, 17835.28) | 6865.71 (3711.77, 10514.81) | 19263.05 (11467.06, 27871.23) |
| P-value | 0.389 | 0.854 | 0.496 | 0.337 | 0.321 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 38 | 20561.31 (8125.31, 36697.75) | 1111.14 (525.34, 1857.58) | 21672.45 (8695.19, 38599.31) | 8345.74 (4578.42, 12226.75) | 30018.19 (13925.52, 48877.47) |
| Female | 22 | 12415.70 (5759.85, 20176.86) | 897.88 (396.70, 1472.36) | 13313.58 (6225.15, 21718.31) | 8122.24 (3272.51, 13609.33) | 21435.82 (9795.44, 34374.90) |
| P-value | 0.701 | 0.821 | 0.830 | 0.830 | 0.927 | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 0–6 | 14 | 4995.50 (2781.93, 7696.60)a | 335.66 (151.33, 553.94)a | 5331.16 (3017.28, 8149.33)a | 1932.31 (1201.08, 2811.23)a | 7263.47 (4564.83, 10697.35)a |
| 7–18 | 20 | 19145.38 (3522.97, 46073.51)a | 715.46 (279.5, 1419.80)a | 19860.84 (3837.57, 47444.29) | 4077.77 (1042.20, 8075.28)a | 23938.61 (4950.97, 55636.85)a |
| 19- | 26 | 23139.64 (12392.34, 36074.20)a | 1652.62 (852.52, 2682.49)b | 24792.26 (13471.18, 38660.12)b | 14893.07 (9174.46, 20496.20)b | 39685.33 (23503.39, 57006.44)b |
| P-value | 0.049 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.002 | 0.005 | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Students | 30 | 14147.72 (3584.20, 32164.54) | 583.73 (257.31, 1060.88)a | 14731.45 (3897.36, 33249.59)a | 2984.12 (1095.70, 5766.14)a | 17715.57 (5115.04, 39087.68)a |
| Worker/Farmer | 17 | 12997.54 (6372.75, 20930.80) | 847.51 (515.29, 1290.89) | 13845.05 (6959.92, 21929.96) | 12817.26 (6599.99, 19882.37) | 26662.31 (15244.43, 40744.94) |
| Commercial | 7 | 21021.04 (3692.29, 40334.27) | 1545.42 (361.10, 2750.35) | 22566.45 (4052.08, 43114.93) | 13159.09 (4075.36, 23984.19) | 35725.55 (8678.08, 66885.80) |
| Othersc | 6 | 43656.36 (12816.57, 88971.57) | 3206.55 (536.09, 7157.91)b | 46862.91 (13916.28, 96180.39)b | 16049.46 (4362.63, 28194.35)b | 62912.38 (18674.84, 123419.75)b |
| P-value | 0.062 | 0.009 | 0.043 | 0.002 | 0.012 | |
| Vaccination | ||||||
| Yes | 16 | 8349.77 (2729.79, 16943.12) | 602.66 (220.34, 1129.28) | 8952.43 (2993.61, 18135.83) | 4091.22 (1093.53, 8981.40) | 13043.66 (4314.25, 26995.56) |
| No | 34 | 25844.56 (12455.71, 43632.11) | 1430.63 (722.95, 2269.59) | 27275.19 (13170.62, 45814.15) | 12132.91 (7662.27, 17155.56) | 39408.09 (22163.85, 61158.53) |
| Unknown | 10 | 4216.40 (1830.22, 8278.32) | 369.27 (290.36, 450.44) | 4585.67 (2191.41, 8654.57) | 1784.89 (625.61, 3744.89) | 6370.56 (3085.26, 12259.73) |
| P-value* | 0.019 | 0.082 | 0.015 | 0.029 | 0.011 | |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Yes | 27 | 31881.54 (15116.59, 54507.68) | 1749.43 (833.70, 2892.75) | 33630.97 (16097.05, 56931.31) | 11669.12 (6327.54, 17206.50) | 45300.10 (23814.34, 72370.62) |
| No | 15 | 7499.31 (2762.52, 15390.69) | 402.55 (200.79, 681.38) | 7901.86 (3034.22, 15970.68) | 6932.43 (1877.99, 12764.85) | 14834.29 (5122.90, 27007.70) |
| Unknown | 18 | 4510.23 (2978.16, 6291.80) | 483.54 (482.06, 486.50) | 4993.77 (3462.5, 6775.33) | 4265.25 (1268.74, 8094.41) | 9259.02 (5152.58, 14051.57) |
| P-value* | 0.032 | 0.164 | 0.032 | 0.131 | 0.057 | |
| Overall | 60 | 17574.59 (9538.60, 27701.85) | 1032.94 (615.43, 1586.96) | 18607.53 (10199.97, 29293.33) | 8263.79 (5398.60, 11636.93) | 26871.32 (16107.34, 39162.00) |
Note
a,b Groups with different letters indicated significant difference through pairwise comparisons for polytomous variables, otherwise indicated no significant difference.
c Including civil servant, technical staff, and the retiree. They were combined due to sparse data.
*Statistical tests were only conducted between those "Yes" and "No".