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. 2021 Jul 1;16(7):e0253746. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253746

Table 4. Factors associated with delay in seeking health care among tuberculosis patients visited health facilities in Ethiopia.

Determinants (References) Comparison Number of Studies Sample Size OR (95% CI) P value I2 (%) Heterogeneity test (P value) Egger test (P value)
Information about TB [14,17,18,25,27,32] Good Vs poor 6 2379 0.975(0.6391.48) < 0.001 83.6 0.907 0.767
Residence [14,17,28,29,36] Rural Vs Urban 5 2715 3.459(1.469–8.148) < 0.001 95.8 0.005 0.939
Sex [17,28,29,36] Male Vs Female 4 2370 0.972 (0.893–1.059) 0.015 71.4 0.517 0.482
Marital status [28,32,36] Married Vs Others 3 1392 0.979 (0.454–2.112) < 0.001 90.4 0.286 0.661
Distance [14,18,29] ≥10km Vs <10km 3 1858 1.631(0.858–3.101) < 0.001 90.2 0.136 0.952
Social stigma [27,32] High Vs low 2 847 1.187(0.293–4.798) < 0.001 95.5 0.810 -
Age [17,27,28] ≥ 45 Vs <45 3 1422 0.363(0.082–1.598) < 0.001 96.2 0.180 0.433
Occupation [17,27,28,32,36] Employed Vs Others 5 2944 0.670(0.608–0.739) < 0.001 93.6 0.001 0.586
HIV Sero status [36,37] Positive Vs Negative 2 1237 0.502(0.257–0.981) 0.160 49 < 0.001 -
Other treatment sought [14,18,29] Not Sought Vs sought 3 2212 7.192(5.587–9.257) 0.001 85 < 0.001 0.044
TB can be cured [17,18,25] Yes Vs No 3 1155 0.586(0.321–1.070) 0.024 73.1 0.082 0.975
Type of TB [14,25,33] ETPTB Vs PTB 3 911 2.520(1.761–3.605) 0.180 95.3 0.001 0.882
Educational level [14,17,28,38,39] ≤primary school Vs > primary school 5 2164 11.720(1.006–2.938) <0.001 85.0 0.047 0.923

NB: Vs means versus.