Table 3.
Facilitators and inhibitors in pandemic management identified: COVID-19
| Political (P) | Economic (Econ) | Sociological (S) | Technological (T) | Ecological (E) | Legislative (L) | Industry (I) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
COVID-19: | ||||||
|
Facilitators | ||||||
| Enactment of emergency policies and decrees (Italy) [21] |
Health informatics technologies (eg, big data for tracking and tracing; 5G network for telemedicine; artificial intelligence for rapid, precise diagnostics); regulation of travelling using QR code of health record (China) [22] |
Banned air traffic from China; mandatory reporting of travel history to the Italian National Health Service (SSN); mandatory quarantine (Italy) [21] |
Rapid response including increased health care human resources capacity and protected supply chains (Italy) [21]; |
|||
| High internet coverage and utilisation (China) [22] |
||||||
|
Inhibitors | ||||||
| Inconsistency between local and national guidance in technical orders and clinical protocols (Italy) [21] |
Lack of public knowledge resulted in continuation of mass gatherings (US) [23] |
Constraints in data integration and smart technologies to support contact tracing, surveillance, and other interventions (Italy) [21] |
||||
| Lack of rapid deployment of information systems; suboptimal information exchange across heath institutions; non-standardised electronic health records to streamline emergency information (China) [22] | ||||||