Table 4.
Pregnancy, birth and neonatal outcomes - all cases (n = 31016)
| Characteristics of all pregnant women |
All cases (n = 31016) |
Based on severity (n = 2743) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total # of studies |
Total events/participants |
Pooled proportion % (95% CI) |
Heterogeneity (I2%) |
Severe COVID-19* (n = 477) |
Non-severe COVID-19† (n = 2449) |
Risk ratio/Mean difference (95% CI) |
||
|
Pregnancy outcomes |
Spontaneous 1st trimester abortion |
5 |
21/387 |
7.3 (1.9 to 15.2) |
74.1 |
0 |
3/61 [36] |
Non-estimable |
| Elective termination/induced abortion |
4 |
17/540 |
2.6 (1.4 to 4.3) |
65.4 |
0 |
4/61 [36] |
Non-estimable |
|
| Fetal loss/miscarriage |
9 |
28/874 |
2.6 (0.5 to 5.6) |
66.5 |
0 |
14/184 [33,36] |
Non-estimable |
|
| Total deliveries |
41 |
2943/4245 |
80.0 (69.6 to 88.7) |
98.2 |
241/369 [24,26-28,31,33-36,43,46,47,49] |
926/1479 [24,26,28,31,33,34,36,40,41,45,48,52,53] |
- |
|
| -Vaginal delivery |
35 |
1495/2787 |
53.8 (46.6 to 60.9) |
92.0 |
53/183 [27,33,35,36,43,46,47] |
411/841 [26-28,33-36,40,41,44,45,48,52,53] |
0.59 (0.47 to 0.75) |
|
| -Caesarean section |
35 |
1256/2740 |
48.4 (40.6 to 56.3) |
93.3 |
149/207 [27,28,31,33-36,43,46] |
439/850 [26,28,31,33,34,36,40,41,45,48,52,53] |
1.39 (1.25 to 1.55) |
|
|
Indication for C-section |
COVID related |
10 |
156/321 |
49.8 (31.8 to 67.8) |
85.9 |
56/65 [26,27,33,36,47] |
66/264 [26,27,33,36] |
3.45 (2.74 to 4.34) |
| Pregnancy related |
11 |
362/520 |
66.7 (43.3 to 86.8) |
95.7 |
4/33 [33,36,47] |
107/273 [26,27,31,33,36] |
0.31 (0.12 to 0.78) |
|
|
Birth outcomes |
Stillbirths |
7 |
21/1121 |
1.6 (0.8 to 2.7) |
19.8 |
2/29 [33] |
6/126 [26,33] |
1.45 (0.31 to 6.81) |
| Live births‡ |
||||||||
| -Singleton |
14 |
894/946 |
96.9 (94.4 to 98.7) |
50.6 |
174/183 [26,27,31,33,38,46,47] |
569/602 [26,27,31,33,35,40,41,44,53] |
1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) |
|
| -Twins |
14 |
34/1177 |
1.4 (0.6 to 2.4) |
0.2 |
2/47 [33,46] |
15.470 [27,33,35,40,53] |
1.33 (0.31 to 5.65) |
|
| Preterm birth <37 weeks |
27 |
539/2393 |
23.4 (18.9 to 28.1) |
83.1 |
82/182 [27,31,33,35,36,43,46] |
78/519 [27,31,33,35,36,41,48] |
4.91 (3.97 to 6.08) |
|
| Preterm birth <32 weeks |
7 |
45/465 |
18.2 (0.4 to 38.5) |
94.3 |
34/151 [33,35,46] |
8/301 [33,35] |
8.47 (4.02 to 17.85) |
|
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) |
7 |
107/613 |
16.6 (11.4 to 22.5) |
59.6 |
- |
|||
| Mean birthweight (g) |
19 |
2937.88 ± 87.26 |
99.6 |
2274.51 ± 243.62 [27,46] |
3077.30 ± 166.93 [27,40,52] |
-802.79 (-826.91 to -778.67) |
||
|
Neonatal outcomes |
Asphyxia |
3 |
74/316 |
13.2 (1.9 to 31.0) |
87.0 |
1/8 [27] |
3/55 [41] |
2.29 (0.27-19.44) |
| Apgar score at 1 min |
9 |
8.18 ± 0.25 |
99.4 |
8.49 ± 0.25 [27,36] |
0 |
Non-estimable |
||
| Apgar score at 5 min |
9 |
9.01 ± 0.15 |
95.4 |
8.76 ± 0.19 [27,43,46] |
0 |
Non-estimable |
||
| NICU admission |
17 |
401/1726 |
23.7 (17.1 to 31.0) |
90.2 |
51/99 [27,33,34,43,46] |
57/222 [27,33,34] |
2.01 (1.50 to 2.69) |
|
| Neonatal deaths |
9 |
24/1161 |
1.6 (0.4 to 3.3) |
58.3 |
0 |
0 |
to |
|
| Neonatal COVID-19 | Positive | 11 | 50/1507 | 3.5 (1.6 to 8.5) | 74.6 | 1/20 [33] | 13/205 [26,33,34,45] | 6.69 (3.46 to 12.94) |