Table 1.
Participant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Total, N = 248 | Ependymoma, N = 99 | Craniopharyngioma, N = 69 | Low-Grade Glioma, N = 80 | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 129 | 52.02 | 47 | 47.47 | 37 | 53.62 | 45 | 56.25 | .481 |
| Male | 119 | 47.98 | 52 | 52.53 | 32 | 46.38 | 35 | 43.75 | |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 199 | 80.24 | 81 | 81.82 | 54 | 78.26 | 64 | 80.00 | .608 |
| Black | 40 | 16.13 | 13 | 13.13 | 14 | 20.29 | 13 | 16.25 | |
| Other | 9 | 3.63 | 5 | 5.05 | 1 | 1.45 | 3 | 3.75 | |
| Hydrocephalus | |||||||||
| None | 112 | 45.16 | 31 | 31.31 | 30 | 43.48 | 51 | 63.75 | <.001* a |
| Diagnosis | 136 | 54.84 | 68 | 68.69 | 39 | 56.52 | 29 | 36.25 | |
| Chemotherapy prior to RT | |||||||||
| No | 201 | 81.05 | 84 | 84.85 | 67 | 97.10 | 50 | 62.50 | <.001* b |
| Yes | 47 | 18.95 | 15 | 15.15 | 2 | 2.90 | 30 | 37.50 | |
| NF-1 | |||||||||
| No | 70 | 87.50 | |||||||
| Yes | 10 | 12.50 | |||||||
| Tumor location | |||||||||
| Infratentorial | 93 | 37.50 | 73 | 73.74 | 1 | 1.45 | 19 | 23.75 | <.001* c |
| Supratentorial | 155 | 62.50 | 26 | 26.26 | 68 | 98.55 | 61 | 76.25 | |
| Pre-RT extent of resection | |||||||||
| Needle biopsy | 12 | 4.84 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.90 | 10 | 12.50 | <.001* c |
| Less than GTR | 142 | 57.26 | 10 | 10.10 | 67 | 97.10 | 65 | 81.25 | |
| GTR | 94 | 37.90 | 89 | 89.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 6.25 | |
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Median (Range) | Mean (SD) | Median (Range) | Mean (SD) | Median (Range) | Mean (SD) | Median (Range) | P Value |
| Age at diagnosis | 6.67 (4.93) | 5.63 (0.01, 22.75) | 4.61 (4.67) | 2.64 (0.01, 22.75) | 8.52 (3.99) | 7.30 (2.50, 17.57) | 7.63 (5.10) | 6.54 (0.34, 19.92) | <.001* d |
| Age at treatment | 7.74 (4.95) | 6.62 (1.02, 22.92) | 4.97 (4.68) | 3.03 (1.02, 22.92) | 9.37 (3.98) | 8.52 (3.21, 17.63) | 9.76 (4.45) | 8.45 (2.19, 20.01) | <.001* d |
| Number of surgeries | 1.54 (1.03) | 1.00 (0.00, 7.00) | 1.44 (0.70) | 1.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 1.97 (1.41) | 1.00 (0.00, 7.00) | 1.28 (0.84) | 1.00 (0.00, 4.00) | .004* e |
| SES—BSMSS total score | 36.84 (12.75) | 37.00 (9.00, 66.00) | 38.07 (13.34) | 38.00 (9.00, 61.00) | 35.14 (12.26) | 35.50 (13.50, 64.50) | 36.78 (12.39) | 37.00 (12.00, 66.00) | .345 |
| Interval (years)—symptom to diagnosis | 0.40 (0.68) | 0.14 (0.00, 4.09) | 0.17 (0.24) | 0.08 (0.00, 1.85) | 0.55 (0.79) | 0.20 (0.00, 4.00) | 0.55 (0.84) | 0.26 (0.00, 4.09) | <.001* d |
Abbreviations: BSMSS, Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status; GTR, gross total resection, based on gross residual disease on postoperative neuroimaging; LGG, low-grade glioma; NF-1, neurofibromatosis type 1; RT, radiation therapy; SES, socioeconomic status; other race, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander; hydrocephalus, defined based on MRI at the time of diagnosis; symptom to diagnosis, the time duration between patient experiencing symptoms to diagnosis.
*P < .05 based on Pearson’s chi-squared, exact, Kruskal-Wallis test, or one-way ANOVA, as appropriate.
Post-hoc analyses revealed the following differences: aLGG < craniopharyngioma < ependymoma, bCraniopharyngioma < ependymoma < LGG, cCraniopharyngioma < LGG < ependymoma [infratentorial/GTR], dEpendymoma < craniopharyngioma and LGG, eEpendymoma and LGG < craniopharyngioma.