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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Today (Kidlington). 2021 Feb 6;45:20–34. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.11.021

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Designing Ti-Ta alloys via 3D Printing. a. Additive fabrication of Ti-Ta alloys through bridging length scales by macroscale addition of Ta in Ti, incorporating microporosities during processing and in situ nanoscale surface modification. b. Schematic of directed energy deposition (DED) process for Ti-Ta alloys coating on a prefabricated acetabular cup. c. Cross-section of human bone exhibiting multiscale osseous structures starting from the macro transition from cortical to cancellous bone, microporous network structures in the cancellous bone, and nanoscale collagen filaments called osteons [http://www.buharainsaat.net/view/100305/accessed11.16.19]. Biological performance evaluation of designed Ti-Ta implants based on variations in composition, microporosities, and nanotube surface modifications.