Table 5.

Changes in secondary outcomes (readiness to change behaviors in relation to substance use and quality of life) between baseline, 6 months and 12 months

	SUPPORT		USUAL		Difference between Intervention Arms
	Change since baseline, mean (sd) or median (IQR)	P Value	Change since baseline, mean (sd) or median (IQR)	P Value	Estimate (95% CI)	P Value	Cohen’s d
Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) - Recognition
6 months	−1.9 (3.8)	0.044	−1.4 (9.3)	0.48	−0.47 (−4.89, 3.95)	0.83	−0.06
12 months	−5.8 (6.4)	0.013	−5.3 (11.5)	0.055	−0.56 (−8.27, 7.15)	0.88	−0.06
Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) - Ambivalence
6 months	−1.5 (3.6)	0.093	−0.2 (4.8)	0.85	−1.28 (−4.00, 1.45)	0.35	−0.30
12 months	−4.9 (3.7)	0.001	−2.1 (6.1)	0.14	−2.81 (−6.93, 1.31)	0.17	−0.52
Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) - Taking steps
6 months	0.3 (3.9)	0.73	−2.2 (6.6)	0.13	2.54 (−0.86, 5.94)	0.14	0.46
12 months	0.3 (7.2)	0.9	−2.7 (5.8)	0.053	2.94 (−1.91, 7.78)	0.23	0.47
Quality of life - General health
6 months	0.0 (0.0 – 10)	1	0.0 (−1.0 – 0.0)	1	0.05 (−0.45, 0.55)	0.83	0.07
12 months	0.0 (−1.0 – 0.0)	1	0.0 (−1.0 – 0.0)	0.18	0.32 (−0.34, 0.97)	0.33	0.37
Quality of life - Number of physically/mentally unhealthy days
6 months	−1.0 (−10.0 – 9.0)	0.57	0.0 (−15.0 – 0.0)	0.024	4.23 (−4.35, 12.81)	0.32	0.31
12 months	−2.0 (−30.0 – 4.0)	0.22	−2.0 (−16.0 – 4.0)	0.11	−4.11 (−17.03, 8.81)	0.52	−0.25
Quality of life - Number of days that usual activities are prevented due to poor physical or mental health
6 months	−2.5 (−7.0 – 2.0)	0.11	0.0 (−13.0 – 0.0)	0.002	3.04 (−3.53, 9.60)	0.36	0.30
12 months	−4.0 (−7.0 – 0.0)	0.055	0.0 (−20.0 – 0.0)	0.023	3.78 (−3.21, 10.77)	0.28	0.35

The ranges of SOCRATES scores are 7–35 for the Recognition subscale, 4–20 for the Ambivalence subscale, and 8–40 for the Taking Steps subscale. Higher values indicate greater recognition of problems, more openness to reflection, and greater readiness to change.