Table 4.
Multivariable model showing risk factors associated with pain as presenting symptom during COVID-19 in children and adults
| Variable | Pain during COVID-19 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | P | ||
| Children | ||||
| Hydroxyurea | 0.96 | 0.73-1.26 | .76 | |
| Prior acute care visits for pain* | ||||
| 1-2 vs 0 | 4.46 | 2.48-8.02 | <.0001 | |
| >2 vs 0 | 6.69 | 3.88-11.54 | <.0001 | |
| SCD renal† | 1.50 | 1.10-2.05 | .0104 | |
| Adults | ||||
| Sex, male vs female | 0.86 | 0.75-0.99 | .04 | |
| Hydroxyurea | 0.86 | 0.76-0.98 | .02 | |
| Prior acute care visits for pain* | ||||
| 1-2 vs 0 | 1.92 | 1.28-2.88 | .002 | |
| >2 vs 0 | 2.19 | 1.51-3.16 | <.0001 | |
| SCD heart/lung‡ | 1.12 | 1.001-1.26 | .048 | |
P < .05 was considered significant
*Hospitalization and/or ED treat-and-release visit requiring IV opioids for pain in the last 3 years.
†Albuminuria, decreased renal function, and/or SCD nephropathy.
‡Acute chest syndrome in the last 3 years and/or pulmonary hypertension.
None of the other covariates were significant (SCD brain, non-SCD neurobehavioral, non-SCD lung, non-SCD heart comorbidities).