Table 2.
Group | Disorder(s)/disease(s) | Executive dysfunction featuresa |
---|---|---|
Prodromal syndromes | Mild cognitive impairment | Working memory |
Alzheimer syndrome |
|
Frontal phenotypes; working memory, cognitive flexibility (set-shifting), inhibition (self-control) |
Synucleinopathies |
|
Verbal reasoning, problem-solving, ability to maintain sustained attention |
Tauopathies |
|
Working memory, inhibition (self-control), cognitive flexibility |
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) |
|
Working memory, planning, verbal reasoning, problem-solving, ability to maintain sustained attention, resistance to interference, multitasking |
Trinucleotide repeat disorders | Huntington’s disease | Verbal reasoning, fluency, problem solving |
Executive function may include several other domains and it is dependent on information processing speed, which can be affected in several disorders, particularly those exhibiting disruption of the subcortical white matter.