Table 1.

Compounds from Chinese herbal medicines regulate DNA methylation in AS.

Herbs	Active compound	Target genes	Category of methylation effect	Mechanism of regulating DNA methylation	Models	Diseases	In vitro/in vivo	Reference
Curcuma longa	Curcumin	RNA18S5 and SIRT7	Hypermethylation	DNMT2↑	Vascular smooth muscle cells	AS	In vitro	[45]
Gardenia species	Geniposide	Akt2, Arrb, Tnf., and so on	Hypermethylation and hypomethylation		Ox-LDL-induced foam cells	AS	In vitro	[47]
Polygonum cuspidatum	Resveratrol	PTEN	Hypomethylation	DNMT1↓	Vascular smooth muscle cells	AS	In vitro	[49]

Sirtuin-7 (SIRT7), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein kinase Akt-2 (Akt2), arrestin beta 1 (Arrb), and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf).