Table 2.
The demographic and clinical data of the study subjects.
| SLE patients (n = 20) | Healthy control (n = 20) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | Age (years), mean ± SD | 25.6 ± 6.3 | 29.9 ± 6.6 |
| Female/male | 18/2 | 16/4 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.57 ± 4.02 | 23.78 ± 3.74 | |
| Disease duration (months), mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 1.63 | — | |
|
| |||
| Clinical data, n (%) | Malar rash | 6 (30%) | — |
| Photosensitivity | 14 (70%) | — | |
| Arthritis | 12 (60%) | — | |
| Oral ulcer | 11 (55%) | — | |
| Alopecia | 3 (15%) | — | |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | 11 (55%) | — | |
| Seizures | 1 (5%) | — | |
| Psychosis | 3 (15%) | — | |
| Nephritis | 4 (20%) | — | |
| Fever > 38 | 6 (30%) | — | |
|
| |||
| Laboratory assessments | ESR (mm/h), mean ± SD | 58.75 ± 34.8 | 9.05 ± 2.1 |
| CRP (mg/l), median (range) | 4.2 (0.5–43) | 2 (0.5–4) | |
| Serum C3 (g/liter), mean ± SD | 0.93 ± 0.65 | — | |
| Serum C4 (g/liter), mean ± SD | 0.17 ± 0.1 | — | |
| Positive ANA, n (%) | 20 (100%) | — | |
| Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%) | 17 (85%) | — | |
|
| |||
| Liver function tests | ALT (U/L), mean ± SD | 24.22 ± 9.9 | — |
| AST (U/L), median (range) | 21.95 (9.8–76.9) | — | |
|
| |||
| Kidney function tests | BUN (mg/dl), median (range) | 14.5 (6.3–29) | — |
| Creatinine (mg/dl), median (range) | 0.65 (0.36–1.42) | — | |
|
| |||
| Disease activity SLEDAI-2K scores | SLEDAI-2K scores, mean ± SD | 9.25 ± 3.9 | — |
| Mild activity (SLEDAI: 1–5), n (%) | 4 (20%) | — | |
| Moderate activity (SLEDAI: 6–10), n (%) | 9 (45%) | — | |
| High activity (SLEDAI ≥ 11), n (%) | 7 (35%) | — | |
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; C3: complement 3; C4: complement 4; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; anti-dsDNA: anti-double-stranded DNA antibody; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index.