Table 3.

The mean (or median) ratio of target fecal microbiota in SLE patients and healthy subjects.

Fecal microbiota	SLE patients (n = 20)	Healthy control (n = 20)	p value
Firmicutes (%) (mean ± SD)	28.1 ± 7.3	50.1 ± 9.5	<0.001∗HS
Bacteroidetes (%) (mean ± SD)	42.96 ± 10.3	29.97 ± 8.6	<0.001∗HS
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (%) (mean ± SD)	0.66 ± 0.16	1.79 ± 0.59	<0.001∗HS
Lactobacillus (%) (median (range))	0.95 (0.3–2.0)	1.7 (0.3–5.2)	0.006 ∗∗S

^∗ t-test of significance.  ^∗∗Mann–Whitney test for nonparametric data. p < 0.05 is statistically significant (S); p < 0.001 is highly significant (HS).