Table 1.

Outcome measures assessed before and after treatment with PBM

Outcome measure	test	description	Reference
Primary Outcome Measure
Functional mobility	Timed up-and-go (TUG) test	Assessors measured the time taken for a participant to stand from a chair, walk 3 m, turn around a marker, return and sit down	[30]
Secondary Outcome Measures
Mobility	TUG motor	As for TUG except that the participant was carrying a cup of water	[30]
	TUG cognitive	As for TUG except that the participant was asked to count backwards from 40 in twos	[30]
	10-m walk test (10MWT) speed	Participants walked a 10 m track. After walking 2 m, Assessors measured the time taken to walk a further 6 m	[31]
	10MWT Stride length	During the 10MWT, Assessors also counted the number of strides taken to walk 6 m	[31]
Dynamic Balance	Step test	Participants stood with feet together, 10 cm from a 10 cm high step. Assessors counted the number of times that a participant placed their foot repeatedly on the step in 15 s. Both legs were tested	[32]
Cognition	Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)	Participant completed the MoCA test version 8.1 (www.mocatest.org), which was scored by an assessor	[33]
Fine motor skills	Spiral test	Assessors recorded the time taken to draw between the lines of a printed Archimedean spiral. A time penalties of 3 s and 5 s were given for touching a line or crossing a line respectively. Dominant hand was tested	[34]
	Nine-hole peg test (NHPT)	Assessors recorded the time taken to place 9 pegs in holes and then return the pegs to the reservoir. Both hands were tested	[35]
	Micrographia	Participants were asked to write the same sentence at each assessment. The area and perimeter of each word was measured using Image J software
Static Balance	Tandem stance (TS)	Assessors recorded the time that a participant could stand with one foot in front of the other (heel to toe) with eyes closed until the participant opened their eyes, a step was taken, or the participant used a hand to steady themselves. The assessment was terminated at 30 s. Both legs were tested	[36]
	Single leg stance (SLS)	Assessors recorded the time that a participant could stand with one foot raised in the air with eyes closed until the participant opened their eyes, a step was taken, or the participant used a hand to steady themselves. The assessment was terminated at 30 s. Both legs were tested	[36]