Table 2.

Systematic Review of the Literature

Author		Patients	Incidence of Shoulder Pain (%)
		n	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	6 h	8 h	12 h	24 h	48 h	Overall
	LTV group	28		21.4		39.3				46.4a	32.1	57.1
Liu2	Total	60				11.7		30	35	36.6a	20
	Group 1	30										86
	Group 2	30										67
Kerimoglu3	Total	93
	Drain group	44					63.6a			43.6
	No-drain group	49					67.8a			48.2
Abbott4	Total	161
	Placebo group	79				24				34a	20
	Drain group	82				12				23a	8
Bogani5	Total	42
	LPP group	20	5		10					5
	SPP group	22	36		41a					5
Sharami6	Total	131				54.2				58a	48.9	58
	Control group	64
	Intervention group	67
Shen7	Total	164
	Drains group	80			11					23a	9
	No-drains group	84			20					40a	21
Zhang8	Total	123					Rest/motion					54
	Group C	42					12.3/28.6			40.5/57.1a	12.3/38.1	61.9
	Group M	40					7.5/22.5			17.5/37.5a	10/17.5	37.5
	Group S	41					12.2/19.5			22/58.5a	12.2/37.1	61

Values are meant as median (SD) unless indicated otherwise.

Overall: the total incidence of PLSP during postoperative observation (in each group, the number of patients with VAS = 0 at each time point was recorded to evaluate the overall incidence of PLSP); LPP group: low pneumoperitoneum pressure group; SPP group: standard pneumoperitoneum pressure group.

^aThe patient's shoulder pain reached its peak.