Table 3.
Systematic Review of the Literature
| Author | Patients | Representation of data | Intensity of Shoulder Pain after Laparoscopy (PLSP) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | 12 h | 16 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | Overall | |||
| Kerimoglu3 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 93 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Drain group | 44 | 2.7a (1.7) | 0.9 (1.1) | ||||||||||||
| No-drain group | 49 | 2.4a (1.6) | 0.8 (0.8) | ||||||||||||
| Abbott4 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 161 | VAS | Mean | ||||||||||||
| Placebo group | 79 | 34 | 44a | 26 | |||||||||||
| Drain group | 82 | 30 | 40a | 26 | |||||||||||
| Bogani5 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 42 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| LPP group | 20 | 0.8 (3.5) | 1.1a (3.7) | 0.5 (2.4) | |||||||||||
| SPP group | 22 | 5.0 (7.3) | 8.2a (12.7) | 0.5 (2.5) | |||||||||||
| Sharami6 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 131 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Control group | 64 | 3.6a (3.5) | 3.4 (2.9) | 2.6 (2.4) | 1.5 (1.6) | ||||||||||
| Intervention group | 67 | 1.28a (1.7) | 1.19 (1.7) | 0.89 (1.3) | 0.46 (0.72) | ||||||||||
| Shen7 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 164 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Drains group | 80 | 0.8 (0.6) | 2.2a (1.1) | 1.5 (1.0) | |||||||||||
| No-drains group | 84 | 0.9 (0.7) | 3.8a (1.3) | 2.5 (1.2) | |||||||||||
| Phelps9 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Control group | 46 | 30.3a (4.5) | 25.7 (4.7) | 21.7 (4.3) | — | ||||||||||
| Intervention group | 54 | 15.6a (3.0) | 10.8 (2.4) | 9.1 (2.5) | — | ||||||||||
| Chaichian10 | 12 | VAS | Mean (SD) | 0.8a (1.7) | 0.8 (1.5) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.3) | ||||||||
| Median (range) | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | |||||||||||
| Swift11 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 67 | VAS | Median (range) | ||||||||||||
| Blocked gas drain group | 30 | 0 (0–6) | 3.25a (0–9) | 3 (0–8) | 1.5 (0–7) | ||||||||||
| Patent gas drain group | 37 | 0 (0–9) | 0 (0–9.5) | 0 (0–9) | 0 (0–8.5) | ||||||||||
| Sroussi12 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 60 | NRS | Mean (range) | ||||||||||||
| AirSeal 7 mm Hg group | 30 | 0.8a (0–7) | 0.7 (0–7) | 0.5 (0–6) | |||||||||||
| Standard 15 mm Hg group | 30 | 2.1 (0–8) | 2.6a (0–10) | 1. (0–6) | |||||||||||
| Valadan13 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 40 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Placebo group | 20 | 4.5a (3.5) | 4.3 (3.2) | 3.4 (2.9) | |||||||||||
| Gabapentin group | 20 | 1.7 (1.8) | 2.8a (2.9) | 1.6 (2.2) | |||||||||||
| Leelasuwattanakul14 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 74 | VAS | Median (min-max) |
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| Control group | 37 | 4.2a (2–8.8) | 3.5 (2.0–8.3) | 2.1 (1.5–8.5) | |||||||||||
| Study group | 37 | 0.2a (0–7) | 0 (0–8) | 0 (0–7.5) | |||||||||||
| Herrmann15 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 97 | VAS | Mean Median (range) |
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| Control group | 49 | 0.65 0 (0–8.7) |
0.23 0 (0–3.6) |
0.45 0 (0–7.2) |
1.61 0 (0–10) |
1.62a 0.1* (0–10) |
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| Intervention group | 48 | 0.13 0 (0–2.7) |
0.21 0 (0–5.4) |
0.09 0 (0–2.4) |
1.24* 0 (0–8.3) |
1.23 0 (0–8.4) |
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| Radosa16 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 289 | NRS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Control group | 96 | 2.23 (1.52) | 5.14a (1.49) | 4.22 (1.43) | |||||||||||
| EAV group | 98 | 2.18 (1.39) | 4.28a (1.51) | 3.64 (1.66) | |||||||||||
| EAV and TSI group | 95 | 2.52 (1.38) | 4.15a (1.48) | 3.72 (1.64) | |||||||||||
| Hoyer-Sorensen17 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 40 | VAS | Median | ||||||||||||
| Conventional group | 20 | 0.6 (IQR0) | 1.4a (IQR2) | ||||||||||||
| LESS group | 20 | 2.4 (IQR5) | 3.1a (IQR4) | 4.73 1.6 (0–24.4) |
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| Bunyavejchevin18 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 60 | VAS | Mean (SD)Range | 2.62 0.35* (0–11.2) |
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| Control group | 30 | 2.0 (1.6) 1.6–2.8 |
4.5 (1.7) 4.0–5.1 |
4.5a (2.0)3.9–5.2 | 3.7 (1.8)3.2–4.3 | ||||||||||
| Treatment group | 30 | 0.7 (1.2)0.2–1.2 | 1.6a (1.5)1.2–2.3 | 1.1 (1.3) 0.6–1.7 |
0.7 (1.1)0.3–1.2 | ||||||||||
| Chou19 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 79 | VAS | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Group A | 26 | 0.33 (0.84) | 0.50 (1.29) | 0.83a (2.00) | 0.56 (1.29) | ||||||||||
| Group B | 26 | 0.32 (0.84) | 0.55 (1.22) | 0.64a (1.14) | 0.64 (1.18) | ||||||||||
| Group C | 27 | 0.53 (1.23) | 1.58a (2.82) | 1.21 (1.99) | 1.68 (2.79) | ||||||||||
| Narchi20 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 65 | VAS | Mean (SD) | Time 0 | |||||||||||
| Control group | 15 | 1.14 (2.22) | 4.13a (2.83) | 4.01 (2.75) | 2.42 (2.54) | 2.75 (3.2) | 1.43 (2.01) | ||||||||
| Saline group | 15 | 2.03 (2.76) | 3.5a (3.32) | 3.4 (2.95) | 3.4 (3.07) | 2.40 (1.88) | 1.1 (1.45) | ||||||||
| Lignocaine group | 20 | 0.92 (2.38) | 1.58 (1.99) | 1.59a (1.85) | 1.27 (1.96) | 0.83 (1.86) | 0.31 (0.74) | ||||||||
| Bupivacaine group | 15 | 0.66 (1.23) | 1.64 (2.17) | 1.86a (2.58) | 1.3 (1.27) | 1.37 (1.74) | 0.54 (0.99) | ||||||||
| Ghezzi21 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 76 | VAS | Mean (SD)Median (range) | ||||||||||||
| LH group | 38 | 0.8a (1.9) 0 (0–7) |
0.5 (1.7) 0 (0–7) |
0.7 (1.8) 0 (0–7) |
0.6 (1.9) 0 (0–10) |
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| MLH group | 38 | 1.0a (1.9) 0 (0–7) |
0.8 (2.1) 0 (0–5) |
0.6 (1.1) 0 (0–3) |
0.7 (1.5) 0 (0–6) |
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| Asgari22 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 84 | VAS | Mean (SD) | Prior to dischage | |||||||||||
| Group 1 | 28 | 5.18 (3.66) | 4.69 (3.01) | 4.66 (3) | 4.36 (3.11) | 3.3 (2.18) | |||||||||
| Group 2 | 28 | 3.07 (3.4) | 3.38 (3.16) | 4.19 (3.13) | 4.96a (3.09) | 3.65 (2.69) | |||||||||
| Group 3 | 28 | 4.34 (3.58) | 4.15 (3.04) | 5.14a (3.02) | 3.96 (2.59) | 2.62 (1.82) | |||||||||
| Tharanon23 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 45 | ||||||||||||||
| Control group | 22 | — | —b | — | |||||||||||
| Intervention group | 23 | — | —b | — | |||||||||||
| Liu2 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 60 | NRS | |||||||||||||
| Group 1 | 30 | — | — | — | — | —b | — | ||||||||
| Group 2 | 30 | — | — | — | — b | —b | — | ||||||||
| Jong Bum Choi24 | 50 | VAS | — | — | — | —b | — | ||||||||
Values are meant as median (SD) unless indicated otherwise.
LPP group: low pneumoperitoneum pressure group; SPP group: standard pneumoperitoneum pressure group. VAS: visual analogue scale; NRS: numerical rating scale.
aThe patient's shoulder pain reached its peak.
bUnable to determine the exact value from the original text.