Table 1.

Integrin-targeted murine models and the effect of their signal modulation.

Integrin	Tissue target	Effect of signal modulation	Mouse model
α3β1	Endothelial cells	Inhibition of angiogenesis	Endothelial cells α3−/− knockout mice
α2β1	Retinal Muller cells	Reduced neovascularization	α2β1 integrin deficient mice88
α2β1	Mast cells	Cytokine release following Listeria infection	α2β1 knockout mouse model of Listeria infection62
αVβ6	Epithelial cells of the lung	Activates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to regulate pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation	Genetic knockdown116
αV	Intestinal Th17 cells, colon	Decreased regulatory T (Treg) cells in the colon, leading to severe colitis, autoimmunity, and cancer	αv-deficient mice117
β1	Fibroblasts	Delayed cutaneous wound closure and reduced formation of granulation tissue and reduced ECM production	β1-deficient fibroblast-specific knockout mice118
β3	Fibroblasts, epithelial cells	Accelerated re-epithelialization, enhanced TGF-β signaling, dermal fibroblast infiltration	β3-deficient mice (genetic knockdown)119