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. 2021 Feb 21;60(7):897–906. doi: 10.1007/s40262-021-00991-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Observed vs population-predicted concentrations and b observed vs individual-predicted concentrations. The solid blue line represents loess smoothing. c Conditional weighted residuals (CWRES) vs population-predicted concentrations and d time. The solid blue line represents loess smoothing. e Distribution of the normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDEs). The solid red line represents a normal distribution, whereas the solid blue line represents the actual distribution of the NPDEs. f QQ plot of NPDEs