Fig. 4.

IFN-γ and brequinar treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line was stimulated with or without IFN-γ and with or without brequinar for 48 h. Total mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was evaluated using the TMRE dye that accumulates in fully polarized, but not in depolarized mitochondria. We measured TMRE fluorescence on MitoTracker green-labeled mitochondria. Cell viability was calculated as the ratio of the amount of live cells (propidium iodide-negative) and total cells (propidium iodide-negative plus propidium iodide-positive cells) × 100. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001