Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to MPI
| MPI-1 n = 114 |
MPI-2 n = 108 |
MPI-3 n = 19 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | ||||
| Age, years ± SD | 72.10 ± 5.34 | 77.44 ± 7.02 | 82.47 ± 7.43 | < 0.001* |
| Male, n (%) | 91 (79.8) | 74 (68.5) | 9 (47.4) | 0.007 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 87 (76.3) | 97 (89.8) | 18 (94.7) | 0.010* |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 89 (78.1) | 89 (82.4) | 17 (89.5) | 0.437 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (27.2) | 46 (42.6) | 8 (42.1) | 0.045* |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 72 (63.1) | 59 (54.6) | 4 (21.1) | < 0.001* |
| Previous AMI, n (%) | 20 (17.5) | 42 (38.8) | 5 (26.3) | 0.007* |
| History of CVA, n (%) | 2 (1.8) | 14 (13) | 5 (26.3) | < 0.001* |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 11 (10.2) | 3 (15.8) | 0.027* |
| COPD, n (%) | 6 (5.3) | 11 (10.2) | 3 (15.8) | 0.193 |
| Malignant disease, n (%) | 20 (17.5) | 19 (17.6) | 5 (26.3) | 0.436 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 12 (10.5) | 26 (24.1) | 9 (47.4) | < 0.001* |
| Anaemia, n (%) | 17 (14.9) | 35 (32.4) | 13 (68.4) | < 0.001* |
| Dementia, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 27 (25) | 10 (52.6) | < 0.001* |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 0.97 (0.28–3.59) | 1.05 (1.08–1.28) | 1.12 (0.96–1.57) | 0.032* |
| Creatinine peak (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 1.16 (1.23–1.64) | 1.31 (1.38–1.71) | 1.43 (1.36–2.26) | 0.275 |
| Discharge creatinine (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 1.11 (1.10–1.42) | 1.15 (1.16–1.42) | 1.15 (1.06–1.76) | 0.729 |
| Baseline haemoglobin (g/dl), median (IQR) | 13.9 (13.66–14.26) | 13.1 (12.4–13..3) | 11.7 (10.33–12.67) | < 0.001* |
| Minimum haemoglobin value (g/dl), median (IQR) | 12.7 (12.21–12.94) | 11.5 (10.99–11.84) | 10.1 (9.24–11.21) | < 0.001* |
| Discharge haemoglobin(g/dl), median (IQR) | 13.5 (12.15–15.66) | 12.1 (11.7–12.48) | 11.2 (10.22–11.83) | 0.061 |
| Leucocytes peak (thousand/μL), median (RIQ) | 11.65 (11.53–13.44) | 11.23 (11.28–12.91) | 13.1 (10.12–21.71) | 0.025* |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF, % ± SD | 44.44 ± 9.82 | 40.97 ± 10.12 | 37.11 ± 11.46 | 0.003* |
| Mitral insufficiency, n (%) | 86 (75.4) | 82 (75.9) | 16 (84.2) | < 0.001* |
| Aortic stenosis, n (%) | 6 (5.3) | 16 (14.9) | 2 (10.6) | 0.026* |
| Aortic insufficiency, n (%) | 29 (25.5) | 45 (41.7) | 14 (73.7) | 0.001* |
| Tricuspid insufficiency, n (%) | 70 (61.4) | 71 (65.7) | 15 (78.9) | < 0.001* |
| sPAP ± DS | 29.61 ± 13.26 | 30.9 ± 11.7 | 37.89 ± 15.51 | 0.034* |
| MPI-ITEMS | ||||
| ADL, n ± SD | 5.37 ± 0.50 | 4.56 ± 1.07 | 2.00 ± 1.10 | < 0.001* |
| IADL, n ± SD | 5.44 ± 1.60 | 3.79 ± 1.57 | 1.89 ± 0.99 | < 0.001* |
| ESS, n ± SD | 17.58 ± 1.41 | 15.05 ± 2.13 | 12.00 ± 1.86 | < 0.001* |
| SPMSQ, n ± SD | 1.11 ± 1 | 3.12 ± 2.41 | 5.37 ± 2.34 | < 0.001* |
| CIRS, n ± SD | 5.61 ± 1.72 | 7.25 ± 1.97 | 8.53 ± 1.74 | < 0.001* |
| MNA, n ± SD | 22.05 ± 2.53 | 18.37 ± 2.72 | 14.39 ± 2.56 | < 0.001* |
| Total score, n ± SD | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.08 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | < 0.001* |
*A 2-sided p value <0.05 is considered of statistical significance
AMI acute myocardial infarction, CVA cerebrovascular accident, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, sPAP systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental-ADL, ESS Exton-Smith Scale, SPMSQ Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, CIRS Cumulative Index Rating Scale, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment