Table 2.

A summary of key findings from clinical post-infarct PET imaging studies

References	Tracer	Summary of main findings
[32, 33•]	18F-FDG	• 18F-FDG uptake was significantly increased in infarct versus remote myocardium. • Myocardial PET signals correlated with spleen and bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake. • There was an inverse correlation between 18F-FDG uptake at baseline and LV function at follow-up, independent of infarct size. • Peripheral blood counts of CD14high/CD16+ monocytes have been shown to correlate with 18F-FDG signals.
[38•]	18F-GE180 (TSPO)	• Elevated myocardial TSPO signal was identified in the hypoperfused infarct region at 4 to 6 days after STEMI. • Infarct patients also had higher brain TSPO uptake relative to healthy controls, most pronounced in temporal and frontobasal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum
[34, 39]	68Ga-DOTA-TOC, 68Ga-DOTATATE (SST2)	• For 68Ga-DOTA-TOC imaging, there was good concordance between PET and cMRI for infarct-positive segments. • 68Ga-DOTATATE signals were higher in infarcted versus non-infarcted myocardium. • There was very low background signal for 68Ga-DOTATATE compared with 18F-FDG PET. • Bone marrow 68Ga-DOTATATE signals were highly correlated with myocardial signals as well as with bone marrow 18F-FDG activity. • In some cases, 68Ga-DOTATATE signals remained elevated in the infarcted territory for several years after the index event.
[35, 40, 41, 42•]	68Ga-pentifaxor (CXCR4)	• Tracer uptake was significantly higher in infarct versus remote myocardium and was highest in segments with late enhancement and oedema. • Myocardial signals were paralleled by elevated bone marrow uptake. • Patients have been shown to have variable signal positivity after myocardial infarction. • There was good concordance between PET and cMRI for infarct-positive segments. • In one study of patients imaged within 2–13 days post-symptom onset, CXCR4 PET signals inversely correlated with scar volume on follow-up MRI at 1–14 months. • In another study of 50 patients imaged at 3–5 days after STEMI, infarct CXCR4 SUV inversely correlated with LVEF at follow-up among the 29 patients who returned for follow-up cardiac assessment at 7.0 ± 2.8 months. • Infarct CXCR4 signal intensity has been shown to correlate with peak CK and CRP levels.
[47]	11C-Methionine	• There was increased 11C-Methionine uptake in the infarcted area, versus decreased 18F-FDG uptake. • The highest accumulation of 11C-Methionine was observed in the early phase after MI and was greatest in the infarct border zone. • In the 2 patients with longer-interval follow-up scans, 11C-Methionine signals declined over time and were almost undetectable at 6 months.
[36•, 51]	68Ga-PRGD2, 18F-Fluciclatide (Integrin avβ3)	• Patchy 68Ga-PRGD2 uptake occurred in or around the ischaemic regions in 20/23 MI patients. • Higher uptake was observed at 1–3 weeks after the initial event. • 68Ga-PRGD2 uptake positively correlated with size of infarct. • Smaller or older lesions displayed no 68Ga-PRGD2 uptake. • 18F-Fluciclatide uptake was increased in acutely infarcted versus remote myocardium and compared with uptake in healthy volunteers. • There was no 18F-Fluciclatide uptake at sites of established prior infarction in patients with CTO. • 18F-Fluciclatide uptake was increased in segments displaying functional recovery on follow-up cMRI.
[37, 53]	68Ga-FAPI-04	• In retrospective studies, myocardial tracer uptake correlated with coronary artery disease, age and LVEF and/or other cardiovascular risk factors.
[55]	18F-NaF	• 18F-NaF tissue-to-background ratios were higher in infarcted versus remote myocardium.