Table 1.

Study characteristics of ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT.

Author	Publication Year	Country	Design	Patients	Mean age/Range	PSA (ng/mL)	Scancer Modality	Ligand	Mean dose	Reference standard
Pelosi	2008	Italy	R	56	67.9 ± 7	4.59 ± 7.87	Discovery ST unit, GE	18F-choline	185–259 MBq	Multiple
Kwee	2012	US	P	50	69.0 ± 8.9	3.2 (0.2–18.2)	Philips Gemini TF-64	18F-fluorocholine	2.6 MBq/kg	Multiple
Panebianco	2012	Italy	P	84	56–72	1.63	Discovery ST, GE	18F-choline	185-259 MBq	Multiple
Schillaci	2012	Italy	P	49	70. 9 ± 7	4.13 ± 4.56	Discovery ST, GE	18F-choline	370 MBq	Biopsy
Detti	2013	Italy	R	170	——	3.5 ± 8.8	PET/CT Philips TOF	18F-fluorocholine	3.7 MBq/kg	Follow-up
Marzola	2013	Italy	R	233	69.4 ± 6.5	7.4 ± 13.6	Discovery STE	18F-fluorocholine	3 MBq/kg
Piccardo	2014	Italy	P	21	77.2 ± 5.1	5.8 ± 3.4	Discovery ST, GE	18F-choline	3MBq/kg	Multiple
Morigi	2015	Australia	P	38	68(54–81)	1.72 ± 2.54	Philips Ingenuity TF 64	18F-fluorocholine	3.5 MBq/kg	Biopsy
Rodado-Marina	2015	Spain	R	233	68 ± 7.1	5.3 ± 8.7	GE and Siemens equipments	18F-fluorocholine	4 MBq/kg	Multiple
Cimitan	2015	Italy	R	1,000	69.68 ± 7.67	3.30	GE Discovery LS; Siemens Biograph 16 HT or Biograph mCT; GE Discovery ST8,	18F-choline	3.0–3.5 MBq/kg	Multiple
Simone	2015	Italy	P	146	68	0.6 (0.43–0.76)	Siemens Biograph Hi-Rez 16;	18F-choline	4 MBq/kg	Multiple
Emmett	2018	Australia	P	91	64 (59–69)	0.42 (0.29–0.93)	——	18F-choline	3.6 MBq/kg	Multiple
Giovacchini	2019	Italy	R	192	73.2 ± 6.6	9.53 ± 16.70	GE Discovery 710	18F-fluorocholine	3.7 MBq/kg	Multiple
Witkowska-Patena	2019	Poland	P	40	68.6 ± 6.5	0.75 ± 0.6	GE Discovery 710	18F-fluorocholine	248 ± 35 MBq	Multiple
Sánchez	2020	Spain	P	108	69 ± 6.7	4.9 ± 5.2	Siemens Biograph mCT	18F-choline	370 MBq	Multiple
Zattoni	2020	Italy	R	2,798	72 (66.29–77.0)	2.0 (0.1–3.0)	——	18F-choline	2.5-3.7 MBq/kg
de Leiris	2020	France	R	115	73.2 (56–89)	9.4 (7.1–18.4)	GE Discovery 690	18F-choline	3.7 MBq/kg	Multiple

A multiple reference standards including biopsy, other imaging modalities and follow-up.