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. 2021 Jul 1;11:13626. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92720-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis based on IMEX database for common upregulated DEGs and detection of hub genes. (A) The nodes represent genes and edges represent the interactions between genes. The red nodes signify 72 common upregulated DEGs that are in the interaction with each other and other genes (green nodes). (B) PPI network analysis revealed the genes with high connectivity degree (> 75 percentile for the genes with degree > 10) by cyto-Hubba plug-in using Cytoscape software. The dashed lines indicate the connection of genes that are not direct. (C) The genes with high connectivity degree that overlapped with common upregulated DEGs were extracted as hub genes by Venn diagram.