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. 2021 Apr 12;127(1):92–106. doi: 10.1038/s41437-021-00429-6

Fig. 5. Linear dispersal distances [km] of breeding wolves in Germany for the years 2005 to 2015.

Fig. 5

a Dispersal distances for females (n = 48) and males (n = 31) that reproduced in the respective years for the first time. b Dispersal distances for all females (n = 48) and males (n = 31) with known natal packs. c Dispersal distances for females (n = 43) and males (n = 31), excluding the five females that stayed and reproduced in their natal territory. No significant differences between dispersal distances of females and males were detected.